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Rh 1871 to 601,374, of whom 285,248 were males, and 316,126 females. There were, at the last census, on an average 0.36 persons to an acre, or 2.75 acres to each person. The number of inhabited houses was 105,200. There were 480 es and 33 s. The population of the county in 1801 was 340,308 persons&thinsp;; so that the increase since that time has been at the rate of 77 for every hundred. Of the 52 counties in England and Wales, Devonshire is now the ninth in point of population. The comparative density of the population is considerably below the average. In England generally there are 389 persons to every square mile&thinsp;; in Devonshire the number is not more than 232.

1em 1em (R. J. K.)

 DEVONSHIRE, WILLIAM CAVENDISH, FOURTH EARL and FIRST DUKE OF (1640-1707), distinguished as a statesman and patriot, born in 1640, was the eldest son of the third earl. After completing his education he made the tour of Europe according to the custom of young men of his rank, being accompanied on his travels by Dr Killigrew. On his return he obtained, in 1661, a seat in Parliament for the county of Derby, and soon became con spicuous as one of the most determined and daring opponents of the general policy of the court. In 1678 he was one of the committee appointed to draw up articles of impeachment against the lord-treasurer Danby. In 1679 he was re-elected for Derby, and made a privy councillor by Charles II. ; but he soon withdrew from the board with his friend Lord Russell, when he found that the Romish interest uniformly prevailed. He carried up to the House of Lords the articles of impeachment against Lord Chief- Justice Bcroggs, for his arbitrary and illegal proceedings in the Court of King s Bench ; and when the king declared his resolution not to sign the bill for excluding the duke of York, afterwards James II., he moved in the House of Commons that a bill might be brought in for the association of all his majesty s Protestant subjects. He also openly denounced the king s counsellors, and voted for an address to remove them. He appeared in defence of Lord Russell at his trial, at a time when it was scarcely more criminal to be an accomplice than a witness. After the condemna tion he gave the utmost possible proof of his attachment by offering to exchange clothes with Lord Russell in the prison, remain in his place, and so allow him to effect his escape. In November 1684 he succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father. He opposed arbitrary govern ment under James II. with the same consistency and high spirit as during the previous reign. He was withdrawn from public life for a time, however, in consequence of a hasty and imprudent act of which his enemies knew how to avail themselves. Fancying that he had received an insulting look in the presence chamber from Colonel Colepepper, a swaggerer whose attendance at court the king encouraged, he immediately avenged the affront by challenging the colonel, and, on the challenge being refused, striking him with his cane. This offence was punished by a fine of 30,000, which was an enormous sum even to one of the earl s princely fortune. Not being able to pay he was imprisoned in the King s Bench, from which he was released only on signing a bond for the whole amount. This was afterwards cancelled by King William. After his discharge the earl went for a time to Chatsworth, where he occupied himself with architectural improvements on his mansion. The Revolution again brought him into pro minence. He was one of the seven who signed the original paper inviting the Prince of Orange from Holland, and was the first nobleman who appeared in arms to receive him at his landing. He received the Order of the Garter on the occasion of the coronation, and was made lord high stewarfc of the new court. In 1691 he accompanied King William on his visit to Holland. He was created marquis of Hartington and duke of Devonshire in 1694 by William and Mary, on the same day on which the head of the house of Russell was created duke of Bedford. Thus, to quote Macaulay, &quot; the two great houses of Russell and Cavendish, which had long been closely connected by friendship and by marriage, by common opinions, common sufferings, and common triumphs, received on the same day the highest honour which it is in the power of the Crown to confer.&quot; His last public service was assisting to conclude the union with Scotland, for negotiating which he and his son, the marquis of Hartington, had been appointed among the commissioners by Queen Anne. He died on the 18th August 1707, and ordered the following inscription to be put on his monument : Willielmus Dux Devon, Bonomm Principum Fidelis Subditus, Inimicus et Invisus Tyrannis.

 DEW. See.

 DEWBERRY, Rubus ccesius, a deciduous trailing planf, allied to the bramble, of the natural order JRosacece. It is common in woods, hedges, and the borders of fields in England and other countries of Europe. The leaves are trifoliate, hairy beneath, and of a dusky green ; tha flowers, which appear in June and July, are white, or pala rose-coloured. The fruit is large, and closely embraced by the calyx, and consists of few grains, which are black, with a glaucous bloom ; it has an agreeable acid taste, and is used for making a kind of wine.

 D'EWES, SIR SIMONDS (1602-1650), antiquarian, chronicler, and collector of historical records, was born at Coxden, in the parish of Chardstock, in Dorsetshire, on the 18th December 1602. His father, one of the six clerks of Chancery, possessed a large official income, and gave him a liberal education at the grammar-school of Bury St Edmxmds, and at St John s College, Cambridge. Called to the bar in 1623, he did not enter upon practice, being possessed of independent means, and having already resolved to devote himself to historical research. His in tention seems to have been to compile a history of Britain from original documents, and in endeavouring to carry it out he spent much of his time in examining historical records, which he describes as &quot; the most ravishing and satisfying part of human knowledge,&quot; in the Tower of London and elsewhere. The chief results of this labour were his valuable collection of records originals and tran scripts which now form part of the Harleian collection in the British Museum, and his Journals of all the Parliaments in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which, though completed in 