Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/536

Rh 504 COTTON TABLE V. This Table, prepared by Messrs Ellison and Co., gives the chief markets to which the cotton yarn and goods produced have been exported in the years quoted (the figures representing millions of yards and pounds). 1830 1835 1S40 1845 1850 1855 I860 1865 1870 1876 PIECE GOODS. To Germany and Holland Yards. 54 3 Yards. 65 3 Yards. 70 9 Yards. 69 8 Yards. 771 Yards. 98-0 Yards. 102-0 Yards. 837 Yards. 85-5 Yards. 115-9 Portugal, Azores, and Madeira.. Gibraltar and Malta 22-2 7-6 36-1 19 38-9 317 42-6 33-5 50-0 23-9 60-3 49 4 62-9 42-3 43-6 33-2 64-5 37-8 70-6 31-7 Italy and Austria 53 3 347 58 9 52-4 711 80-4 93-3 63-7 75-8 101-7 Turkey, Syria and Egypt 33-5 37-3 58 137-0 165-6 358-6 312-0 313-9 635-4 356-2 West and South Africa 6 5 8 16 6 21-0 28-3 39-9 45-8 201 35-1 38-4 British. North America 11-4 16 9 24-1 33-0 35-3 17 4 37-4 30-6 76-2 48-2 United States 49 3 74-9 321 31-2 104-2 184-6 226-8 126-5 103-3 79-8 W. Indies and Central America. Brazils 56 9 46-2 78-2 58-8 104-2 76-8 112-5 87-0 146-9 103-0 168-3 125-0 158-0 156-2 191-9 111-5 2127 149-2 195-9 196-8 Other South American States British East Indies ) 26-3 39-6 51 8 73-5 1451 72-3 229-3 75-2 314-4 103-4 467-4 175-5 826-1 86-2 553-2 156-4 923-3 115-1 1231-4 China and Hong Ron** 1 . j 52 2 ] 11 2 13-5 108 4 73 2 74-0 223-0 136-0 417-3 436-0 Java and Philippine Islands Australia 47 1 2 11-6 2 3 16-4 5 2 25-9 10 5 311 157 44-8 13-4 101-2 22-4 581 25-8 60-9 27-9 90-6 46-3 Other Countries 19 16 8 247 25-3 43-2 52-8 192-3 153-4 191-5 395 3 Total Yards 444-6 T.57-5 790-6 10917 1358-2 1937-7 2776-2 2031-4 3252-8 3559-9 Total value 141 15 2 16 3 18-0 20-5 26-1 40-3 45-2 52-5 536 YARN. To Russia rb 18-5 rb 21-1 rb 16-9 n&amp;gt; 18-2 rb 4-8 tb 40 rb 3-1 rb 1-7 rb 2-8 n&amp;gt; 40 Germany and Holland 29-1 417 63-5 65 4 70-8 78-1 92-4 45-8 727 76-1 Italy and Austria 8-4 7-0 1T5 13 15-6 23-6 20-5 15-5 18-2 23-6 Turkey rs 1 6 3-3 5 8 4-7 9 19-6 8-2 14-2 15 9 British East Indies ) n ( 5-4 16 16 8 21-0 28-9 307 15-2 31-0 32-5 China and Hon&amp;lt;* Kon&quot; . ] 4-9 j 2-8 T8 2 6 3-1 2 8 8-8 1-2 20-8 29-4 Other Countries . 2-2 3-6 5 4 13 3 11 9 19-1 22-2 15-6 28-0 29-0 Total lb 64-6 83 2 118-4 135-1 13T4 165-5 197-3 103-2 187-7 215-5 Total value 4-1 57 71 6-9 6-4 7 2 9-9 10-3 14-8 13-2 TABLE VI. An Estimate of the Weight and ivith the Cost of Cotton Consumed, Value of the Total Production of Cotton and the Balance remaining for each of Manufactures in Great Britain^ the past Ten Years. 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 lb 954,517,000 It 99fi,l 97.000 rb 939 019 000 rb 1.071,770,000 rb 1,205,450,000 rb 1,175,345,000 lt&amp;gt; 1.246.150,000 It) 1,266,129,000 rb 1,230,388,000 1T&amp;gt; 1.274,376,000 Less waste in spinning .... 114,533.000 119,544,000 122.070.000 129,310,000 132,600,000 134,965,000 168,230,000 145,604,000 141,498,000 143,320,000 Yarn produced 839,984.000 876,653,000 816,949,0(10 942,460.000 1,072,850.000 1,040,380,000 1,077,920,000 1,120,52.5,000 1 ,088,890,000 1,131,856,000 164 276 000 174 538000 169 518 000 186078 000 193 480 000 211 940 000 214,687 000 220,599,000 215,490,000 232,150,000 Exported in piece goods, ) 523,582,000 548,628,000 535,195,000 616,232,000 679,520.000 698,840,000 688,?S3,000 726,000,000 713,000,000 735,000,000 Retained for home con- ) sumption and stock... ) 152,126,000 153,487,000 112,236.000 140,150,000 199,850,000 129,600,000 175,000,000 173,926,000 160,400,000 163,906,000 Total as above 839,984,000 870,053,000 816,949,000 942,460.000 1,072,850,000 1,040,380,000 1,077,920,000 1,120,525,000 1,088,890,000 1,131,056,000 Declared value of yarn )

13,690,000

14,709,000

14,157,000

14,671.000

15,055,000

16,710,000

15,876,000

14,516,090

13,170,000

12,783,000 Declared value of piece 1 goods, apparel, &amp;lt;fee., ex- &amp;gt; 57,382,000 57,343,000 57,660,000 61,424,000 63,382,000 69,900,000 68,135,7 OK 65,934,4bU 63,965,000 59,296,000 Estimated value of home ) consumption, &amp;lt;fec ( 19,363,000 19,665,000 14,380,000 17,050,000 23,520,000 15,660,000 20,600,000 20,110,000 18,312,000 17,777,000 Total value of goods ) 90,435,000 91,717,000 86,197,000 93,145,000 101.957,000 102,270,000 104,612,000 100,560,520 95,447,000 89,856,000 Cost of cotton consumed .. 41,262,000 40,989,000 43,772,000 42.145,000 40.810,000 48,054,000 45,441.000 40.225,900 36,526,000 32,H5J,000 Balance left for wages, other expenses, inter- ( est of capital, and pro- ( tits...., 49,173,000 50,728,000 42,435,000 51,000,000 61,017,000 54,216,000 59,171,000 60,334,620 58,921,000 57001000 prosperity may be formed from the following particulars taken from the reports of the factory inspectors. In 1871 the cost of the buildings and machinery employed in the trade was 57,000,000, whilst the floating capital was not less than 30,000,000, making together at least 87,000,000, sterling. From a Parliamentary return issued in August 1875, it appears that in that year there were in the United Kingdom 2655 factories employed in spinning, weaving, and other industries connected with the manufac ture of cotton. Of that number 2542 were in England and Wales, 105 in Scotland, and only 8 in Ireland. These fac tories contained 71,106 carding machines, 2901 combing machines, 37, 5 15, 772 spinning spindles, 4,366,017 doubling spindles, and 463,118 power looms. The total number of persons employed was 4,79,515, of these 440,336 being in England, 36,104 in Scotland, and 3075 in Ireland. Of the total number 115,391 were adult males, 258,667 were females above thirteen years of age, 39,557 were males betveen thirteen and eighteen, and the remainder were half- time boys and girls in about equal numbers. Probably the number of persons directly or indirectly dependent on the cotton trade in the United Kingdom is not much under two millions. As successive mechanical inventions came to be applied to the manufacture, they changed the principal of produc tion, and made what had been nearly wholly a product of