Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/526

Rh 494 C O T T O N which forms it into a narrow web ; then passing through two pairs of calendar rollers, it is coiled into a can. The carding engines are often made with two main cylinders and a connecting cylinder called the tummer, but in all other respects they resembLe those already described. The cans with the slivers are next taken to the DRAWING FRAME (fig. 8), where the processes of elonga tion or attenuation are carried on through the successive pairs of rollers with which it is provided. The lower roller of each pair is furrowed or fluted longitudinally, and the FIG. 9. Slubbing Frame. upper one is neatly covered with leather to give the two a proper hold of the cotton. There are generally four pairs or rows of rollers in each drawing frame, and three heads, each head containing five or six deliveries. Six ends or slivers are, as a rule, put up to each box, and drawn down into one by each line of rollers going at an accelerated speed, the front roller revolving about six times faster than the back roller. The first doubling being G into 1, the next will be 36, and the third 216. Fine spinners will sometimes have four heads of drawings and double 8 ends FIG. 10. Roving Frame. into 1 at the first head, and 8 into 1 afterwards, which makes the total number of doublings in the drawing frame 4096. SLUBBING FRAME (see fig. 9). The operation which suc ceeds that of the drawing frame is slabbing, where the sliver has a certain amount of twist imparted to it, and is wound on a bobbin. In this process the end or silver from