Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/460

428 Pencarrow (dowager lady Molesvrorth); Heligan (John Tretnayne, Esq.); Carclew (Col. Treroayne), where the gardens are fine and interesting; Tregothnan (Viscount Falmouth) ; Clowance (Rev. A. H. M. St Aubyn) ; and St Michael s Mount (Sir John St Aubyn),, from its site one of the most remarkable places in Great Britain.

1em  CORNWALL,. See.  CORNWALLIS, (1738-1805), was the eldest son of Charles, the first earl Cornwallis. Having been educated at Eton and St John s College, Cambridge, he entered the army For some time ho was member of Parliament for Eye ; in 1761 served a campaign in Germany, and was gazetted to a lieutenant-colonelcy in the 12th Foot. In 1762 he succeeded to the earldom and estates of his father ; in 1765 he was made aide-de-camp to the king and gentleman of the bedchamber; in 1766 he obtained a colonelcy in the 33d Foot ; and in 1770 he was appointed governor of the Tower. In public life, he was distinguished by inde pendence of character and inflexible integrity ; he voted without regard to party, and opposed th-e ministerial action against Wilkes and in the case of the American colonies. But when the War of Independence broke out, he accom panied his regiment across the Atlantic, and served not without success as major-general. In 1780 he was appointed to command the British forces in South Carolina, and in the same year he routed Gates at Camden. In 1781 he defeated Greene at Guilford, and made a destructive raid into Virginia; and in the same year he was besieged at York Town by French and American armies and a French fleet, and was forced to capitulate. With him fell the English cause in the United States. He not only escaped censure, however, but in 1786 received a vacant garter, and was appointed governor-general of India and commander-in-chief in Bengal. As an administrator he projected many reforms, but he was interrupted in his work by the advance of Tippoo Sahib. In 1791 he assumed in person the con duct of the war and captured Bangalore ; and in 1792 he laid siege to Seringapatam, and concluded a treaty with Tippoo Sahib, which stripped the latter of half his realm, and placed his two sons as hostages in the hands of the English. For the Permanent Settlement of the Land Revenue under his administration, see,. . He returned to England in 1793, received a marquisate and a seat in the Privy Council, and was made master-general of the ordnance with a place in the Cabinet. Five years afterwards (21st June 1798) he was appointed to the viceroyalty of Ireland, and the zeal with which he strove to pacify the country gained him the respect and good-will of both Roman Catholics and Orangemen. On 17th July a general amnesty was proclaimed, and a few weeks afterwards the French army under Humbert was surrounded and forced to surrender. In 1801 Cornwallis was replaced by Lord Hardwicke, and soon after he was appointed plenipotentiary to negotiate the treaty of Amiens (1802). In 1805 he was again sent to India as governor- general. He was in ill-health when he arrived at Cal cutta, and while hastening up the country to assume com mand of the troops, he died at Ghazepore, in the province of Benares, October 5, 1805.  CORO, or, a maritime town of Venezuela, South America, and capital of the province of Falcon, is situated in a sandy plain at the inner angle of a peninsula, dividing the Gulf of Venezuela from the Caribbean Sea, 155 miles W.N.W. of Valencia. It is ill built, the streets are unpaved, and there are no public buildings of consequence except two churches. The climate is hot but not unhealthy. The water-supply is brought by mules from springs at some distance from the town. About seven miles to the north-east is the port, near the mouth of the little Rio Coro. The export trade with the West Indies, in mules, goats, hides, cheese, pottery-ware, indigo, and cochineal, is considerably le^s than formerly. Coro is one of the oldest settlements of the Spaniards on the north coast of S. America. It was founded on the 26th July 1527 (St Ann s day), by Juan de Ampues, who named it Santa Ana de Coriana after the Indian tribe inhabiting the spot. It came also to be known as Venezuela (or Little Venice), which was tho name given originally to an Indian village founded ou piles in the water on the east side of the lake of Maracaibo. In 1578 Caracas was made the seat of the government cf the country instead of Coro, and in 1583 the bishopric of Coro, founded in 1536, was transferred thither. In 1815 Coro was made the chief town of a province. It suffered greatly in the Venezuelan war of independence. Population about 7000.  COROMANDEL COAST, the eastern seaboard of India between Cape Calimere, in 10 17 N. lat. and 79 56 E. long., and the mouths of the Kistnah or Krishnah. The shore, which is shallow, is without a single good natural harbour, and is at all times beaten by a heavy sea. Communication with ships can be effected only by cata marans and flat-bottomed surf-boats. The north-east mon soon, which lasts from October till April, is exceedingly violent for three months after its commencement. From April till October hot southerly winds blow by day; at night the heat is tempered by sea-breezes. The principal places frequented by shipping are Pulicat, Madras, Sadras, Pondicherri, Cuddalor, Tranquebar, Nagore, and Nagapatnam. The name Coromandel is said to be derived from Cholamandal, the mandal or region of the ancient dynasty of the Chola.  CORONA, in astronomy, the name given to the phenomenon seen round the sun during a total eclipse. This phenomenon is doubtless a complex one, and com prises effects due (1) to the sun s surroundings or the various layers of its atmosphere, (2) to the sunlight falling on something between us and the sun, and (3) to certain physiological effects in the eye. These effects will be discussed under the heading. In the meantime it may be stated that the solar part of the phenomenon comprises the 