Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/335

Rh CONSTANTINOPLE on the north lies the Phanar ^so named from a lighthouse), the Greek quarter which reaches to the Golden Horn. This division includes the church of the Patriarchate, the great school of the Greek nation, the church-mosque Fetiyeh Jamisi (Pammacaristou), and the church of the Mongols (Mougloutissa). The 6th hill is distinguished by the palace of the Hebdomon, with its coronation hall, built, it is said, by Constantino L, and known vulgarly as Tekfur-Serai palace of the lord (rov Kvptov). At its foot appears the church-mosque Kahrieh, or Kahireh, 305 formerly Mone tes Choras (Mew) r*}? X a P a ^)- Below this hill, the quarter called Balata, from Palatium, now occupied by Jews, follows the Phanar, then the ancient suburb of Blacherna?. Here are seen some remains of the Pentapyrgion, five towers used by the Greeks of the Lower Empire as a political prison. This quarter is succeeded by Eyoub, celebrated for its mosque which no Christian may enter and for its cemetery. In this quarter, after Greek precedent, the sovereign is invested. On the hill near, in the Cosmidion, the first crusaders pitched their tents. The 1. St Sophia. 2. Mint. 3. St Irene. 4. Atmeidan (Hippodrome). 6. Mosque of Sultan Ahmed. C. Babi Humuioum. 7 Babi Ali (Sub imc Porte). 8. Mosque of Sultan Osman. 9. Porphyry Column (Burnt Column). 10. Seraskierat (Wai- Office). 11. Mosque of Valideh Sultan. 12. Kutchuk Ay a Sophia (Little Sophia). 13. Mpsqne of Mahomet II. 14. Kiz Tash (Column of Marcian). 15. Mosque of Selim. 16. Cistern of Arcadius. 17. Column of Do. 18. Emer-ahor Jamisi (St John of the Studium). 19. Mosque of Exi Marmora. 20. Kahireh Jamisi (Church of the Saviour). 21. Kt Mary of Blacherna;. 22. Blacliernaj Palace. Mosquo of Pullman. Column of Theodosius. Kaval Building Basin and Bar racks. Naval Hospital, English Embassy. German Dutch French Swedish Russian Austrian Do. Do. Do. Do. ,Do. Do. 34. Galafa Palace. US. Crimean Memorial Church.. 36. Divan Haneh (Admiralty). GATES. A. Edreneh Kapusi. It. Top Kapusi. C. Yeni Kapu or Mcvlaneh Kapusi D. Selymbria Kapusi. E. Yedi Kouleh Kapusi (Seven Towers). F. Golden Gate. 7th hill is to be looked for in the most southern corner of the city. It is occupied by the fortress of the Seven Towers, the political prison of the sultans. It is isolated by the Paver Lycus. Of the ecclesiastical buildings of Constantinople by far the most important is the Mosque of St Sophia, or Aya Sofia Jamisi, which ranks as perhaps the finest example of the Byzantine style. In striking contrast with the nobler specimens of Gothic architecture, it presents from the out- sida an uncouth and disproportionate appearance, even the effect of its unusual dimensions being destroyed by its lack of symmetry. But within the visitor cannot fail to he impressed by the bold span of the arches and the still bolder sweep of the dome, while his eye is at once bewil dered and charmed by the rich, if not altogether harmoni ous variety of decoration, from the many-coloured pillars down to the mosaics and inscriptions on the walls. The dome is raised at the centre 180 feet above the ground, and has a diameter of 107 feet; its curve is so slight that the depth is only 46 feet, and round the rim it is relieved by a row of forty windows. The arrangement of the building may be understood from the plan on next page ; and the magnificent volumes of Fossati and Salzen- burg furnish all that can be desired in the way of views of the different parts of the interior. The first stone of St Sophia, or the Church of the Divine Wisdom, was laid in 532 on the site of several successive churches of the same name, the first of which had been erected by Constantine the Great. Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus were the architects employed by the emperor Justinian, at whose VI. 39