Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/293

Rh was no need, in his opinion, to trouble the mind about it. &ldquo;While you cannot serve ,&rdquo; he replied to the inquiry of Tze-lu, &ldquo;how can you serve s?&rdquo; And what becomes of a 's own self, when he has passed from the stage of life? The of Confucius was equally dumb on this question. &ldquo;While you do not know life,&rdquo; he said to the same inquirer, &ldquo;what can you know about death?&rdquo; Doubts as to the of the departed were manifested by many leading men in  before the era of Confucius. In the pages of undefined, when men are swearing in the heat of passion, they sometimes pause, and rest the validity of their s on the proviso that the dead to whom they appeal really exist. The &ldquo;expressive silence&rdquo; of Confucius has gone to confirm this.

His teaching was thus hardly more than a pure. He had in,  made for , but he did not care to follow him out of , nor to present to him motives of conduct derived from the consideration of. Good and evil would be recompensed by the natural issues of conduct within the sphere of time,—if not in the person of the actor, yet in the persons of his descendants. If there were any joys of to reward, or terrors of  to punish , the  took no heed of the one or the other.

A very remarkable man Confucius was, persistent and condensed, but neither his views nor his character were perfect. In the then existing he saw terrible evils and disorders, which he set himself, in the benevolence of his heart, to remedy, but of one principal cause of its unhappy condition he had no idea. Near the beginning of this article, the existence of and the evils flowing from it were referred to. Confucius never appeared to give the subject a thought. We saw how he on the death of his mother; but no generous word ever passed his lips about  as, and apparently no  sentiment ever kindled in his bosom. Nor had he the idea of any progress or regeneration of. The s all shone to him in the behind; none beckoned brightly before. It was no doubt the of his teaching, springing out of his view of, which attracted many of his s, and still holds the best part of the  men of learning bound to him; but the conservative tendency of his lessons—nowhere so apparent as in the Ch&lsquo;un Ts&lsquo;iu—is the chief reason why successive  have delighted to do him honour. (Author:James Legge)

 CONGÉ D'ÉLIRE, a from the  issued under the  to the  and  of the  of the, authorizing them to  a  or , as the case may be, upon the vacancy of any  or   in  or in. According to the Chronicle of, of , who wrote in the reign of , the rics in  had been, for many s prior to the ,  s conferred by delivery of the  and of the. Disputes arose for the first time between the of  and the  in the reign of, the  claiming to dispose of the  rics; and ultimately , by his  Ut liberæ sunt electiones totius Angliæ , granted that the s should be  freely by the s and s of the , provided the  permission was first asked, and the  assent was required after the. This arrangement was confirmed by subsequent s passed in the reigns of and  respectively, and the practice was ultimately settled in its present form by the  for the non-payment of  to the  (25 Henry VIII. c. 20). According to the provisions of this, upon the avoidance of any , the  and  of the  are to  the vacancy of the  to the , and to  that they may be allowed to proceed to a new. The thereupon grants to the  and  its  under the  to  a new, accompanied by a  containing the name of the person whom the  and  are to. The and  are thereupon bound to  the person so named by the  within twelve s, in default of which the  is empowered by the  to nominate by  such person as it may think fit, to the vacant ric. Upon the return of the of the new, the  is required by the  to examine and to confirm the , and the 's confirmation gives to the  its  completeness. In case of a vacancy in a, an episcopal is appointed by the guardians of the  of the vacant  to confirm the  of the new.

 CONGER. See.

 

CONGLETON, a - and  of, in the  of , near the border of , 26 s south of  by. It is finely situated in a deep, on the of the , a tributary of the. Its main s are well built, and its western consists of handsome s and s. Though a place of considerable antiquity, it makes little figure in, and possesses few  of  interest. The es, the, built in 1822, the  hall, and the  dating from 1864 are the most important. At one time the s known as &ldquo;Congleton points&rdquo; were in high repute; but the principal  of the  is now the  of, which was introduced in 1752 by a MrPattison of. The making of is carried on to an extent which gives employment to nearly 200 men; and at the  of 1871 upwards of 700 were engaged in the neighbouring. There is  with. In 1871 the population of the, which embraces 2564 s, was 11,344, inhabiting 2559 s.

 CONGLETON, (1776–1842), was the second son of Sir John Parnell,  of the , and was  at  and. In 1801 he succeeded to the family estates, and married a daughter of the of ; and in 1802, by his father-in-law's interest, he was returned for  to, but he speedily resigned the seat. In 1806 he was returned for, for which he sat till 1832, when he withdrew from the representation. In 1833, however, he was returned for ; and after being twice re-elected for the (1835 and 1837), he was raised to the  in 1841 with the title of  Congleton of. In 1842, having suffered for some time from and, he committed. He was a, and took a prominent part in the struggle of. In 1806 he was a lord of the for ; it was on his motion on the  List that the  was defeated in 1830; in that  and in 1831 he was  at ; and from 1835 till 1841 he was paymaster of the forces and  of the  and. He was the author of several and  on matters connected with  and 