Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/168

142 the Caveau, which numbered among its members Hel- vetius, Duclos, Gentil-Bernard, Boucher, Rameau, Piron, and the two Crebillons, was dissolved, and was not re constituted till twenty years afterwards. Meanwhile, the Regent Orleans, who was an excellent comic actor, parti cularly in representations of low life, and who had been looking out for an author to write suitable parts for him, made Colle&quot; his secretary. It was for the duke and his associates that Coll6 composed the greater part of his Tkedtre de Societe. Based on the stories of the younger Crebillon and La Fontaine, all the pieces in this collection, while remarkable for ease and gaiety, in point of delicacy are such as might be expected from their source and their avowed object. In 1763, however, Colle&quot;, whose jestings the duke had rewarded with a place under Govern ment, produced at the Theatre Francois Dupuis et Des- ronais, a sentimental comedy, which met with a decided success, and which was followed in 1771 by La Veuve, an attempt in the same direction, and a complete failure, In 1774 appeared La Par tie de Chasse de Henri Quatre (partly taken from Dodsley s King and the Miller of Mans field), Colle s last and best play. From 1758 to 1782, besides these and a multitude of songs, Colle was writing his Journal Historique, a curious collection of literary and personal strictures and animadversions on his boon com panions as well as on their enemies, on Piron as on Voltaire, on La Harpe as on Corneille. In 1783, having outlived the greater part of his old friends, and grieving for the loss of his wife, to whom he was greatly attached, Colle&quot; died. He is best remembered by his lyrics, which form an important link in the chain of style through which the clianson, that peculiarly French form of the song, has passed. They are frank and jovial, though often licentious, and are remarkable for wit and amiability no less than for the artistic management of the refrain and for their popular attractions. The subjects are love and wine; occasion ally, however, as in the famous lyric (1756) on the capture of Port Mahon, for which the author received a pension of GOO livres, the note of patriotism is struck with no unskilful hand, while in many others Coll6 shows himself possessed of considerable epigrammatic force. See Grimm s Corre- f/wndance, and Taillefer s Tableau Historique de V Esprit et da Caractere des Litteratures Fran^aises.  COLLE,, painter, was born at Colle, near Borgo San Sepolcro, in Tuscany, about 1490. A pupil of Raphael, whom he is held to have assisted in the Farnesina and the Vatican, Colle, after his master s death, was the assistant of his chief scholar, Giulio Romano, at Rome and afterwards at Mantua. In 1536, on the occasion of the entry of Charles V. into Florence, he took service in that city under Vasari, whose written w r orks are many degrees superior to his paintings. In his later years Colle resided at Borgo San Sepolcro, where he kept a school of design ; among his many pupils of note may be mentioned Gherardi and Vecchi. His works, which are yet to be found at Urbino, at Perugia, at Pesaro, and at Gubbio, are line examples of the Roman school of Raphael. The best are a painting of the Almighty supported by angels, a Resurrection, and an Assumption, all preserved iu churches at Borgo San Sepolcro.  COLLEGE (Collegium), in signified a number of persons associated together by the possession of common functions, a body of colleagues. Its later meaning applied to any union of persons, and Collegium was the equivalent of ἑταιρεία. In many respects, e.g., in the distinction between the responsibilities and rights of the and those of individual members thereof, the collegium was what we should now call a  (see ). Collegia might exist for purposes of like our s, or for  purposes (e.g., the college of s, of, &c.), or for  purposes, e.g., collegia. By the a collegium must have at least three members. The name is now usually applied to s, the most important of which are the colleges of  and. In the numerous s relating to colleges the colleges of and  are usually associated with those of  and. These colleges are in the eye of the s. In some of the earlier s of  they are spoken of as having an  character, but the doctrine of the  since the  has been that they are purely  s, notwithstanding that most or all of their members may be persons in 's. This is said to have been settled by Patrick's case (see Raymond's Reports). Colleges appear to have grown out of the voluntary association of students and teachers at the. According to some accounts these must at one time have been numerous and flourishing beyond anything we are now acquainted with. We are told, for example, of 300 halls or societies at, and 30,000 students. Into the truth of these statements, or into the causes which led to the reduction in the number of scholars, we need not now enter. In early times there seems to have been a strong desire to confine the scholars to certain d s, beyond the influence of the speople. Men of wealth and, and notably the s and s of , obtained s from the for the in of societies of scholars, and these in time became exclusively the places of abode for students attending the. At the same time the s thus founded were not necessarily attached to the locality of the. The early s of College, for example, allow the residence of the college to be shifted as occasion required; and the foundations of  at  and  seem to have been the same in intention. In later times the and the colleges became coextensive; every member of the  had to attach himself to some college or hall, and every person admitted to a college or hall was obliged to matriculate himself in the. In 's Ancient and Present State of the University of Oxford it is stated that a college must be &ldquo;made up of three persons (at least) joined in community. And the reason of this almost seems to speak its own necessity, without the help of any express to countenance it: because among two persons only there cannot be, in fact, a major part; and then if any disagreement should happen to arise between them it cannot be, in fact, brought to a conclusion by such a number alone in case both the parties should firmly adhere to their dissenting opinions; and thus it is declared by the. But by the it is known to be otherwise; for by  two persons in number may make and constitute a college, forasmuch as according to this law two persons make and constitute an assembly or congregation. The of, or rather the constant usage of our s in erecting aggregate bodies, which has established this rule among us as a , has been herein agreeable to the method and doctrine of the , for that in all their s and s of  of colleges they have not framed any aggregate body consisting of less than three in number.&rdquo; Another principle, apparently derived from the , is that a man cannot be a fellow in two colleges at the same time. The of  steadily resisted any attempt to introduce the principle of inequality into colleges. An of  (33, c. 27), reciting that divers founders of colleges have given in their s a power of  to individual members, enacts that every 