Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 6.djvu/167

Rh different military operations ; and having been made colonel general of the infantry, exhibited great capacity and in telligence as a military reformer. He was soon afterwards made admiral in room of D Annebaut At the battle of Renty (1554) began the quarrel between him and Francis of Guise, which was to bring such evil on both their houses, and on their native land ; and the enmity was increased tenfold in 1556 by the rupture, at the instance of Guise, of the Treaty of Vauxcelles. In 1557 he was intrusted with the defence of Saint Quentin. In the siege he displayed great courage, resolution, and strength of character; but the place was taken, and he was imprisoned in the strong hold of L Ecluse. On payment of a ransom of 50,000 crowns he recovered his liberty. But he had by this time become a Huguenot, through the influence of his brother DanJelot; and he busied himself secretly with protecting his co-religionists, a colony of whom he sent to Brazil, whence they were afterwards expelled by the Portuguese. On the death of Henry II. he placed himself, with Louis, prince of Cond6, in the front of his sect, and demanded religious toleration and certain other reforms. In 15 GO, at the Assembly of Notables at Fontainebleau, the hostility be tween Coligni and Francis of Guise broke violently forth ; the death of Francis II. and the policy of Catharine preci pitated matters to an issue ; the civil war began ; and the battle of Dreux (1 502), clearing the ground of the Constable Moutmorency and the prince of Conde, set the two great rivals at the head of their respective parties. in 15G3, however, the Pacification of Amboise was effected; Francis of Guise was assassinated; and peace was maintained for some years. The Huguenot attempt to seize on the person of Charles IX. at Monceaux brought about a resumption of hostilities. Afc St Denis (1567) Coligni defeated Montmorency ; in 1569 he was defeated at Jarnac by the duke of Anjou, and repaired with the remains of his army to Cognac. There he was joined by the prince of Navarre, who was forthwith placed at the head of the Pro testant party ; the two laid siege to Poitiers, which was defended by Henry of Guise ; but the siege was raised, and the Hugue-nots were routed at Moncontour (1569) with terrible slaughter. A price of 50,000 crowns was set upon the admiral s head ; but the peace of St Germain was con cluded in 1570, and he returned to court. He grew rapidly in favour with Charles IX. As a means of eman cipating the king from the tutelage of his mother and the faction of the Guises, the admiral proposed to him a descent on Spanish Flanders, with an army drawn from both sects, and commanded by Charles in person. The king s regard for the admiral, and the bold front of the Huguenots, alarmed the queen mother; and the massacre of St Bartholomew was the consequence. On 22d August 1572 Coligni was shot in the street by Maurevert, a bravo in the pay of Henry of Guise ; the bullets, however, only tore a finger from his right hand and shattered his left elbow. The king visited him, but the queen mother prevented all pri vate intercourse between them. On the 24th August, the night of the massacre, he was attacked in his house by the minions of Guise, led by a German named Behme, who slaw him and cast him from a window into the courtyard at their master s feet. His body was gibbeted at Mont- faucon ; it was, however, carried off by his retainers, and buried at Chatillon, where it remained till 1786, when Montesquieu had it reinterred at his own estate of Mau- pevtuis. His papers were seized and burned by the queen mother; among them, according to Bran tome, was a history of the civil war &quot;tres-beau et tres-bien faict, et digne d estre itnprime'."  COLIMA, the capital of the state of Colima, Mexico, in 19 N. lat. and 103 7 W. long. The town is situated in a fertile and well-watered plain. It has regular streets, mostly paved, a Government house, a college, several schools and churches, and two squares, and is a place of considerable trade in linens, woollens, cotton goods, and hardware. The population exceeds 31,000. Colima was founded by Gonzalo de Sandoval in 1522, received incor poration from Philip II., and attained the rank of a city in 1S24. Thirty miles to the N.E. is the volcano of Colima, the most westerly in Mexico, and 12,000 feet in height. For some days previous to the earthquake which visited the Pacific coast of Mexico on thfc 20th December 1868, the volcano emitted smoke and steam; and in 1869, after 40 years inactivity, there was another eruption. Man- zanilla, the port of Colima, about 60 miles west of that town, has a good anchorage, and is sheltered from the south winds prevalent during the rainy season ; but, on account of the proximity of a stagnant marsh, it is an unhealthy place ; and it abounds, moreover, with mosquitoes and sandflies.  COLIN, (1526-1612), a Flemish sculptor, was born at Mechlin. In 1563 he went, at the invitation of the emperor Ferdinand I., to Innsbruck, to work on the magnificent monument which was being erected to Maxi milian I. in the nave of the Franciscan church. Of the twenty-four marble alti-rilievi, representing the emperor s principal acts and victories, which adorn the sides of this tomb, twenty were executed by Colin, apparently in three years. The work displays a remarkable combination of liveliness and spirit with extreme cate and finish, its delicacy rivalling that of a fine cameo. Thorwaldsen is said to have pronounced it the finest work of its kind. Colin, who was sculptor in ordinary both to the emperor and to his son, the archduke Ferdinand, did a great deal of work for his patrons at Innsbruck, and in its neighbour hood ; particular mention may be made of the sepulchres of the archduke and his first wife Philippa, both in the same church as the Maximilian monument. His tomb in the cemetery at Innsbruck bears a fine bas-relief executed by himself.  COLLAERT,, a, was the son of Adrian Collaert, a and  of repute, and was born at  about 1545. After working some s in his father's, he went to to perfect himself in his. His s after are very highly esteemed. He left many works; among the best may be mentioned a Life of Saint Francis, 16 prints; a Last Judgment, ; Monilium, Bullarum, Inauriumque Artificiosissimæ Icones, 10 prints, 1581; The Dead Christ in his Mother's Lap; Marcus Curtius; Moses Striking the Rock, and The Resurrection of Lazarus, after ; the Fathers of the Desert; and Biblia Sacra and the History of the Church, after.  COLLÉ, (1709-1783), dramatist and song writer, was the son of a notary, and was born at Paris. At a very early age he began to study the writings of Marot and La Fontaine, of Chapelle and Moliere, to take delight in the theatre, and to be specially interested in the rhymes of Jean Heguanier, then the most famous maker of coup lets in Paris. From a notary s office Coll6, who seems to have had little taste for legal studies, was transferred to that of M. de Meulan, the receiver-general of finance. When about seventeen, however, he made the acquaintance of Pirou, and afterwards, through Gallet, of Panard. The example of these three masters of the vaudeville, while determining his vocation, made him diffident; and for some time he composed nothing but amphigouria verses whose merit was measured by their unintelligibility. The friendship of the younger Crebillon, however, diverted him from this byway of art, and the establishment in 1729 of the famous &quot; Caveau&quot; gave him a field for the display of his fine talent for popular song. In 1739 the Society of 