Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/764

Rh 750 CHRONOLOGY [1842-1848. condemned, March 15 Death of President Harrison, April 4; Vice- President John Tyler succeeds. Attack on Canton and capitulation of the Chinese authorities, May 24. Russian campaign against Circassians begins, May. Death of Wilkie, June 1, (born 1785). Insurrection in Candia, June ; suppressed, August. Capture of Amoy, August 26. Resignation of Lord Melbourne, August 30. The second Peel administration formed. Birth of the Prince of Wales, November 9. Attack on the English at Cabul, Sir Alexander Bunies and others murdered, Nov. 14. Death of Sir F. Chan trey, November 25, (born, 1781). Assassination of Sir W. Macnaghten at Cabul, December 23. Copyhold Enfranchisement Act passed. Mormon Temple at Nauvoo founded. Punch begun. Emerson s Essays published. 1842. Retreat of the English from Cabul, January 6 ; they are mas sacred in the Khoord Cabul Pass, to January 13. Lord Ellenborough governor-general of India, February 28. Death of Cherubini, March 10 (born, 1760). The Afghans repulsed at Jellalabad by Sir R. Sale, April 7. General Pollock forces the Kliyber Pass, April 5-14; and relieves Sale at Jellalabad, April 16. New corn-law passed, April 29. Chartist procession in London, monster petition to parliament, May 2. Great fire at Hamburg, May 5-7. The English enter the Yang-tsze-Keang, June 13-16. Shanghai entered, June 19. Defeat and submission of the Boers of Natal, June 26. Treaty of commerce between Belgium and France, July 16. Chin-Keang-foo taken by Sir HughGough, July 21. The Maine boundary settled by &quot; Ashbur- ton Treaty&quot; between Great Britain and United States, August 9. Treaty of peace between Great Britain and China, August 26 (ratified, December 31). Tahiti taken possession of by the French, September 8. Cabul re-entered by Pollock and Nott, September 15. Death of Channing, October 2 (born 1780). Cabul evacu ated by the English, October 12. Insurrection at Barcelona, Nov. 13 ; suppressed Dec. 3. Income and property tax imposed in Great Britain. Steam hammer patented. The &quot;Walhalla opened by king of Bavaria. Lytton s Zanoni published. Macaulay s Lays of Ancient Rome. Illustrated London News begun. 1843. The stronghold of the Baluches taken by Sir C. Napier. January. Battle of Meeanee, February 17. Occupation of Hy- derabad, February 20. Disturbances in Wales (&quot;Rebecca s Daughters &quot;), Feb. Appearance of a great comet, March. Death of Southey, March 21. Disruption of the Church of Scotland ; origination of the Free Church, May 18. Annexation of Natal to Cape Colony, May. Sir C. Napier defeats Shere Mahomed and ends the war, June. Annexation of Sinde to British India. Monster repeal meeting on the hill of Tara, August 15. Arrest of O Connell and other repealers, October 14. The queen of Spain declared of age by the Cortes, Nove7nber 8. Battle of Maharajpore defeat of Mahrattas by Sir Hugh Gough, and battle of Punniar, December 29. Occupation of Gwalior. Site of Nineveh dis covered by Botta. The Thames tunnel opened. Mill s Logic pub lished. Macaulay s Essays. Carlyle s Past and Present. 1844. Death of Sir Francis Burdett, January 23 (born 1770). Death of Lord Sidmouth, February 15 (born 1757). Death of Thorwaldsen, March 24 (born 1770). Sir Henry Hardinge governor-general of India, May 6. War between France and Marocco begins, May 30. The Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, murdered, June 27 ; Brigham Young appointed his successor. Bank of Eng land Charter Act passed, July 19. Death of Joseph Bonaparte, July 28 (born 1768). Bombardment of Tangiers by Prince de Joinville, August 6. Victory of the French over the Moors at Isly, August 14. Capture of Mogador, August 15. Treaty of peace between France and Marocco, September 6. The Codex Sinaiticus discovered by Tischendorf. 1845. Death of Sydney Smith, February 22 (bom 1771). Admis sion of Iowa and Florida as States of the Union, March 1. James Knox Polk president of the United States, March 4. Death of Thomas Hood, May 3 (born 1798). Arctic expedi tion under Sir John Franklin (his last) sails, May 23. Mexico declares war against United States, June 4. General Pelissier suffocates one of the Kabyle tribes in the cave of Dahra, June 20. Maynooth College incorporated and endowed, June 30. Death of Earl Grey, July 17 (born, 1764). Death of Judge Story, September 10 (born 1779). Squadron of French cavalry cut to pieces by Abd-el-Kader, September 16. Death of Earl Spencer (Lord Althorp), October 1 (born 1782). Death of Elizabeth Fry, October 12 (born 1780). Sir Hugh Gough defeats the Sikhs at Moodkee, December 18. Sir Hugh Gough again defeats the Sikhs at Ferozeshah, December 21, 22. Railway mania and panic in England. Failure of potato crop in Great Britain and Ireland. Gun-cotton invented. Lord Rosse s great telescope erected. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation published. Newman s Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. 1846. The Sikhs routed by Sir H. Smith at Aliwal, January 28. Battle of Sobraon, February 10. Citadel of Lahore occupied by Gough, February 22. Famine in Ireland. Treaty of Lahore, March 8. Narvaez driven from Spain, April 7. General Taylor defeats the Mexicans at Palo Alto, May 8 ; again, at Resaca de la Palma, May 9. Escape of Louis Napoleon from Ham, May 26. Death of Pope Gregory XVI., June 1. Treaty of Washington for settlement of the Oregon boundary, June 15. Election of Pope Pius IX., June 16. Suicide of B. R. Haydon, June 22 (born 1786). Repeal of English corn laws by Act passed -June 26. Resignation of the Peel ministry, June 29. First Russell administration formed, July 6. Death of Louis Bonaparte, ex-king of Holland, July 25. Capture of Santa Fe by Americans, and annexation of New Mexico to United States, August 23. Affair of the Spanish marriages, September. Capture of Monterey, Mexico, by General Taylor, September 24. The Spanish marriages (of the queen and the Infanta) celebrated at Madrid, October 10. Cracow annexed to Austria, November 16. Santa Anna president of Mexico, December 6. Constitutional charter of New Zealand granted, December 29. The &quot; Sonder- bund&quot; formed by Catholic cantons of Switzerland. Evangelical Alliance established. Discovery of the planet Neptune. Grote s History of Greece, vols. i. and ii. published (completed, 1856). 1847. Frederick William IV. convokes a parliament at Berlin, February 3. Mexicans defeated at Buena Vista, February 22, 23. Vera Cruz capitulates to General Scott, March 28. Capture of the Bogue Forts at Canton by the English, April 3. General Scott enters Jalapa, April 19. Death of O Connell, May 15 (bom 1774). Death of Dr Chalmers, May 31 (born 1780). Death of Sir John Franklin near Lancaster Sound, June 11. Earl of Dalhousie governor-general of India, August 4. Expulsion of the Jesuits decreed by Swiss Diet, September 3. Mexico bombarded by General Scott, September 14, 15, and the city taken. Roman Catholic hierarchy established in England, October. Death of Mendelssohn, November 4 (born 1809). Army of the Sonderbund defeated at Freiburg, November 13. Sonderbund dissolved. Sur render of Abd-el-Kader to the duke of Aumale, December 22. Crime and Outrage Act in force in Ireland, December 23. Man chester erected into a bishopric. Salt Lake city founded by Mor mons. Jenny Liiul in England. Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre published. 1848. Disturbances at Milan, January 3. Insurrection at Messina, January 6. Frederick VII. king of Denmark, January 20. Gold discovered in California, January. Riots at Munich, February 9-12. Reform banquet at Paris prohibited, February 21. Death of ex-president John Quincy Adams, February 21. Martial law proclaimed in Lombard} -, February 22. Street fighting in Paris, February 23. Attack on the Tuileries, abdication of Louis Philippe, February 24. The Republic proclaimed, February 26. Insurrec tion at Munich, March 4. Income-tax riots in London, many arrests made, March 6. Revolution at Vienna, flight of Prince Metternich, March 13, 14. Insurrection at Berlin, March 17. Insurrection at Milan, flight of the viceroy, March 18. Abdication of the King of Bavaria, March 21. The Spanish Cortes suspended sine die, March 22. Charles Albert, king of Sardinia, invades Lombardy, March 23. Revolt of Schleswig and Holstein, March 25. The Danes defeat the Holsteiners and Prussians near Flensborg, April 10. Chartist demonstration on Kennington Common, April 10. Deposition of King Ferdinand by Sicilian parliament, April 13. The Prussians take Schleswig and Flensborg, April 22. Abolition of slavery in the French dominions decreed, April 27. National Assembly opened at Paris, May 4. Flight of the emperor Ferdinand from Vienna, May 17. German &quot;National Assembly&quot; meets at Frankfort, May 18. Treaty between Mexico and United States for cession of California and New Mexico, ratified, May 19. Prussian Constituent Assembly meets at Berlin, May 22. Insur rection renewed at Vienna, May 27. Charles Albert defeats Aus- trians at Goito, May 29, 30. Insurrection at Prague, May 29. An nexation of Lombardy to Sardinia proclaimed, June 4. Battle of Diippel, June 5, 6. Prince Louis Napoleon elected deputy to National Assembly, June 12. Surrender of Padua to Austrian?, June 15. In surrection at Paris, June 23; suppressed by General Cavaignac, dic tator, June 24-26. The archbishop of Paris shot while mediating, June 26. Death of Heinrich Zschokke, June 27 (born, 1770). Death of Chateaubriand, July 4 (born, 1768). Revolt of Slavoniaand Croatia, under Jellachich, July 9. Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act in Ireland, July 24. Charles Albert defeated, July 27. Insurrec tion attempted in Ireland under O Brien, July 29. The Sardinians capitulate to Radetsky at Milan, August 4. Death of Berzelius August 7 (born, 1779). Return of the emperor to Vienna, August 12. Death of George Stephenson, August 12 (born, 1781). Trials of the Chartists in London begin, August 25 ; end, September 30. Sir Henry Smith routs the Dutch rebels at the Cape, August 29. Ibrahim Pasha viceroy of Egypt, September 1. Bombardment and capture of Messina by General Filangieri, September 2-7. Bom bardment of Mooltan by the English begun, September 12 ; siege raised, September 22. Prince Louis Napoleon again elected deputy to National Assembly (for six departments), September 20. Death of Lord George Bentinck, September 21 (born, 1802). The Ban Jellachich defeated near Buda by Hungarians, September 29. Insurrection at Vienna, October 6. Flight of the emperor, October 7. Vienna assaulted by Prince Windischgratz, October 28 ; taken, November 1. Constitution of French Republic adopted, November 4. Repulse of Sikhs before Mooltan, November 7. General Wrangel