Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/626

614 length and 150 in breadth, and is note-worthy as having double side-aisles, the church of St Paul a modern Gothic edifice, the guild-hall, the corn-exchange, the market-house, the infirmary, and the museum of the Chichester Literary Society and Mechanics Institute. There is also a large cattle-market at the east of the city capable of accommodating several thousand head of cattle. It is one of the principal cattle-markets in the south of England, and was erected in 1871 by the corporation of the city at a cost of 15,000. In the cathedral are a number of ancient and curious monuments, besides nine by Flaxman, one of which is in memory of the poet Collins, who was a native of the city, and is buried in the church of St Andrew s. The diocese of Chichester includes the whole county of Sussex except a few parishes which are peculiars, and com prises nearly 300 benefices. The palace of the bishop is in the city of Chichester. There is a grammar-school, founded by Bishop Story in 1497, and the blue- coat school boards aud educates about 30 boj r s. Chichaster communicates with the sea by means of a short canal. The borough, which returns one member to parliament, had a population of 9054 in 1871. Arms of Bishopric. Chichester, as already mentioned, is Arms of Blsli0 P ric - undoubtedly built on an ancient Roman site, near a line of road now known as the Stane Street ; and it is usually, though hardly with absolute certainty, identified with Regnum, a town of the Belgte mentioned in the Itinerary of Anton ine. A slab of grey Sussex marble, now preserved at Goodwood, was discovered in 1713 on the site of the present council chamber, bearing an inscription which has given rise to an ingenious hypothesis, which represents Chichester as the seat of the native king Cogidubnus, men tioned by Tacitus as possessing independent authority, and this king as the father of the Claudia to whom reference is made in the Second Epistle to Timothy, The inscrip tion proves at least that the town was the abode of a considerable body of craftsmen, and that they erected a temple to Neptune and Minerva under the patronage of a certain Pudens. With the conjectural restoration of a few letters it reads as follows : &quot; A eptuni et Minervte templum ;:&amp;gt;ro salute domus divinre ex auctoritate Tib. Claud. Cogidubni r. leg. aug. in Brit. Collegium fabror. et qui in eo a sacris sunt d. s. d. donante aream Pudente Pudentini fil.&quot; In the early Saxon period the town seems to have been destroyed by ^Ella, and soon afterwards restored by Cissa, whose memory is preserved in the modern name, equivalent to Cissa s Caster, or Castrum. In 9G7 it was chosen by King Edgar as the seat of a mint, and specimens of the pennies are still extant. At the time of the Conquest it had only 283 houses and a church; but in 1083 the bishopric was removed thither from Selsey, and a cathe dral was consecrated in 1108. This building having been destroyed by fire, a new one was erected in the end of the 12th century by Bishops Ralph and Seffrid, and this may be regarded as the basis of the present edifice. In 1213 the city was formally incorporated. During the civil war it was captured from the Royalists by Sir William Waller, whose soldiers did great damage to the cathedral. In spite of all attempts to preserve it, the tower and spire came to the ground in 1861 ; but a restoration has since been effected under the direction of Sir G. Gilbert Scott. Besides the poet Collins, Chichester numbers among its worthies Bishop Juxon, Hayley the friend of Cowper, and three artists of the 18th century, generally known as the &quot; Three Smiths of Chichester.&quot; See Lower s Siissex, s.v. ; Quarterly Revieiv, vol. xcvii.  CHICKASAWS, a tribe of North American Indians, now settled in a reservation of 6840 square miles in the Indian territory on the left bank of the Red River. According to their own tradition and the evidence of philology, they are closely connected with the Creeks and Choctaws ; and they believe that they emigrated along with these tribes from the West, crossed the Mississippi, and settled in the district that now forms the north-east part of the state of that name. Here they were visited by De Soto in 1540. From the first they showed a hostile spirit against the French colonists, and frequently engaged with them in actual conflict. With the English, on the other hand, their relations were more satisfactory. In 1786 they mado a treaty with the United States ; and in 1793 theyassisted the Whites in their operations against the Creeks. In the early years of the present century part of their territory was ceded for certain annuities, and a portion of the tribe migrated to Arkansas; and in 1832-34, the remainder, amounting to about 3600, surrendered to the United States the 6,442,400 acres of which they were still possessed, and entered into a treaty with the Choctaws for. incorpora tion with that tribe. In 1855, however, they effected a separation of this union, with which they had soon grown dissatisfied; and by payment to the Choctaws of $150,000 obtained a complete right to their present territory. In the civil war of 1861 they joined the Confederates and suffered in consequence ; but their rights were restored by the treaty of 1865. In 1866 they surrendered 7,000,000 acres; and in 1873 they adopted their former slaves. They possess a governor, a senate, and a house of represen tatives, and maintain 14 schools with about 500 pupils. In 1873 they numbered about 6000, and had private property to the value of $2,000,000.  CHICLANA, a town of Spain in the province of Cadiz, 1 3 miles south-east from that city, divided by the River Tiro into the Banda and Lugor quarters. It contains the residences of many of the Cadiz merchants, possesses baths of great celebrity, and is a favourite resort of the lower classes. In the neighbourhood is Medina Sidonia, sup posed by some to be the Phoenician Asidon ; and about 5 miles south is the field of Barossa, where the Anglo-Spanish army under Sir Thomas Graham (Lord Lynedoch) defeated the French under Marshal Victor, March 5, 1811. Popu lation about 8600.  CHICOPEE, a town of the United States, in Hampden county, Massachusetts, at the confluence of the Chicopee river with the Connecticut, 95 miles by rail &quot;W.S.TV. of Boston. It comprises the villages of Cabotville and Chico pee Falls, and forms a flourishing manufacturing centre. Among its principal establishments are seven cotton mills with upwards of 114,000 spindles, the works of the Ames Company (which are the chief source of small arms in the United States), a woollen mill, two manufactories of agricultural implements, and several foundries. The town dates from 1640, and till 1848 formed part of Springfield. Population in 1870, 9607.  CHICORY. The Chicory or Succory plant, Cickoi ium Intybus (natural order, Composites), in its wild state is a native of Great Britain, occurring most frequently in dry chalky soils, and by road-sides. It has a long fleshy tap root, a rigid branching hairy stem rising to a height of 2 to 3 feet, the leaves around the base being lobed and toothed, not unlike those of the dandelion. The flower heads are of a bright blue colour, few in number, and measure nearly an inch and a half across. Chicory is cultivated much more extensively on the Continent in Holland, Belgium, France, and Germany, than in Great Britain ; and as a cultivated plant it has three distinct applications. Its roots roasted and ground are used as a substitute for, adulterant of, or addition to coffee ; both