Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/441

Rh  of, opened in 1832, which has a of eight and a valuable  and. The Charleston was founded in 1748, and has about 15,000. There are in the  fifteen  and —four, two thrice a , four ly, two ly, two ly, and one ly. The contains 39 es, the most noted edifices being St Michael's, built in 1752, and St Philip's, both. Charleston was founded about 1680 by who had come over with. As early as 1670 they had settled a few s distant from the site of the present at a place which they named Charleston. The new soon began to flourish, while the original settlement dwindled away and disappeared. During the two unsuccessful attempts were made by the   to take Charleston,—the first by  and  in 1776, and the second by  in 1779. After a of several s, the  was taken in  1780 by a force under, but it was  by the  in  1782. In the between the Northern and the Southern  Charleston was the scene of the first hostilities, which commenced  12, 1861, with the  of  by the. After the of  the  took possession of the, and held it until  1865. In 1863 a  attack was made upon the s in the  by a   of nine s commanded by. This effort, however, proved unsuccessful, as was also a made by  in  ensuing. The advance of 's through, and the fall of , the capital of the , led to the  of Charleston by the  on the 17th of  1865. The public s, s, s,, &c., had previously been d by order of the general in command. From this and other causes the suffered much injury during ; but since its close many new  have been erected, and there has been marked  and  progress. (Author:Eneas S. Dallas)  CHARLESTOWN, formerly a separate of the, in, , but since 1874 with the  of , with which it had long before been in many respects practically one. It was founded in 1628 or 1629, and soon rose into importance. The most remarkable event in its is its almost complete destruction in 1775 during the. Its in 1800 was 2751, which at the time of its  with  had increased to 32,040. See.  CHARLET,, a er and, more especially of subjects, was in  on 20th  1792, and  there on 30th  1845, He was the son of a  in the  , whose  in the ranks left the  and  in very poor circumstances. Madame Charlet, however, a woman of determined spirit and an extreme ist, managed to give her boy a moderate at the Lycée Napoléon, and was repaid by his lifelong affection. His first was in a ian mairie, where he had to register : he served in the National Guard in 1814, fought bravely at the Barriers de, and, being thus unacceptable to the  , was dismissed from the mairie in 1816. He then, having from a very early age had a propensity for, entered the atelier of the distinguished , and soon began issuing the first of those ed s which eventually brought him renown. His de, with the  &ldquo;La Garde meurt et ne se rend pas&rdquo; (a famous phrase which has got attributed to , but which he never uttered, and which cannot, perhaps, be traced farther than to this  by Charlet), was particularly popular. It was only towards 1822, however, that he began to be successful in a al sense. s (about 2000 altogether), s, -s, numerous es, and a few s followed one another rapidly; there were also three exhibited, the first of which was especially admired—Episode in the (1836), the Passage of the  by  (1837), Wounded s Halting in a  (1843). Besides the subjects in which he peculiarly delighted, and which found an energetic response in the popular heart, and kept alive a feeling of regret for the  of the  and discontent with the present—a feeling which increased upon the artist himself towards the close of his career,—Charlet designed many subjects of  life and  life, the ways of children, &c., with much wit and whim in the descriptive es. One of the most famous sets is the Vie Civile, Politique, et Militaire du Caporal Valentin, 50 s, dating from 1838 to 1842. In 1838 his began to fail, owing to an  of the chest. Charlet was an uncommonly tall man, with an expressive face, bantering and good natured; his character corresponded, full of boyish fun and high spirits, with manly independence, and a vein of feeling, and he was a hearty favourite among his intimates, one of whom was the celebrated. Charlet married in 1824, and two sons survived him. A life of him was in 1856 by a  friend,.  CHARLEVILLE, a handsome and well- of, on the left of the, in the  of , about one  north of , with which it is connected by a. Since the end of the 17th century it has become a thriving place, with s of s,, and , and an active  in , , , , and s. It has  of primary instance and , a commodious , a , a large public , and a  of. The royal of  formerly established here was transferred to  and. Charleville was founded by, eighth of , in 1606, and continued in the possession of  till 1708. Its s were dismantled in 1687; and in 1815 it was plundered by the ns. , the undefined of, was in the. in 1872, 12,059.  CHARLEVOIX, (1682–1761), a  traveller and, was born at  in 1682. At the age of sixteen he entered the ; and, at the age of twenty-three, was sent to, where he remained for four s. He afterwards became of undefined at home; and travelled on the errands of  in various. In 1720 he visited for two s, in order to collect materials for his Histoire de la Nouvelle-France, which appeared in 1744. He also wrote Histoire de Paraguay (1706), Historie de Saint Domingue (1730), Histoire du Japan, a compilation chiefly from (, 1715); and he was one of the directors of the Journal de Trévoux.  CHARLOTTENBURG, a of, in the  of ,  of , and  of , situated on the , four s west of , with which a fine  connects it. The has well- straight s, two es, and a free ; it has several, and  , a  , 