Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/355

Rh and the Chanda district promise to open a new era of prosperity for the country. The improved means of communication afforded by the railways and roads have rapidly developed the trade of tho Central Provinces. In 1863-64 the imports and exports were valued at about four millions sterling. In 1868-69 their value had risen to six and three-quarter millions sterling. In 1873-74 the ascertained imports of the Central Provinces amounted to 117,761 tons, value 4,399,134, and the exports to 209,157 tons, value 3,148,598; total of imports and exports 326,918 tons, value 7,547,732.

Administration.—The executive authority at Nagpur vests in the chief-commissioner arid agent to the Governor- General. He is assisted by a secretary and staff, a judicial commissioner, a settlement commissioner, a sanitary com missioner, a commissioner of customs, four commissioners of revenue and circuit, an inspector-general of police, an in spector-general of public instruction, an inspector-general of jails and dispensaries, a conservator of forests, and a registrar- general of assurances, who is also commissioner of excise and superintendent of stamps. A commissioner presides over each of the four divisions, with a deputy-commissioner and assistants in each of the nineteen districts, all sub ordinate to the chief-commissioner at ISTagpur. The total revenue of the Central Provinces in 1873-74 amounted to 1,260,977, of which 1,057,021 was derived from im perial, and 203,956 from provincial taxation. The civil expenditure in the same year amounted to 904,670, of which 440,232 was on imperial, and 464,438 on provincial account. Of the total revenue 603,056, or just one-half, was derived from the land. There were 196 criminal and 119 civil courts at work in 1873-74. The regular police consisted of a force of 7539 officers and men, besides a municipal police of 988. The total cost of the regular and municipal police in 1873-74 amounted to 130,674. The troops quartered in the Central Pro vinces are as follows : Europeans 3 batteries of artillery (with 18 guns), and 2 regiments and 1 company of in fantry ; natives 2 regiments of cavalry and 6f regiments of infantry. The European troops numbered 2462, and the native troops 5475, giving a total of 7937 officers and men, kept up at a cost of 277,781. For the education of the people Government maintains, or subsidizes under its grant-in-aid system, 1532 schools, attended in 1873-74 by 76,781 pupils, and- maintained at a total cost of 55,734, to which the state contributed 31,628, or over one-half. These schools are exclusive of private institu tions not receiving support from the state.

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Including the 19 British districts and the 15 small feudatory states, the Central Provinces comprise a total area of 113,797 square miles, and have a population of 9,251,229 souls, made upas follows : Hindus, 6,518,137, or 70-46 per cent ; Muhammadans, 240,965, or 2 60 per cent. ; Buddhists and Jains, 36,583, or 40 per cent. ; Christians, 10,482, or O ll per cent.; and &quot;others,&quot; 2,445,062, or 26 43 per cent.  CENTUMVIRI, among the Romans, were judges appointed to decide common causes among the people, of whom three were chosen out of each tribe. The extent of their powers has not been exactly ascertained. It is not unlikely that they were originally intended to deal with questions concerning quiritian ownership, which determined the status of the citizens. Hollweg asserted that their jurisdiction was confined to civil cases ; but this is doubtful. (See Hollweg, Ueber die Competenz des Centum- viralyerichts ; Tigerstrom, De Judicibus apud Romanos).  CENTURION, among the Romans, an officer in the infantry who commanded originally a hundred men (whence the name), but afterwards an indefinite number the sixtieth part of a legion. Centurions were of two grades, and were chosen by the tribunes. Their duties were to drill the soldiers and appoint their tasks, and they had power to punish minor offences.  CEOS (Kews), the modern Zea or Tzia, an island in the ^Egean Sea, belonging to the group of the Cyclades and the eparchy of Syra, 1 4 miles off the coast of Attica. Its greatest length is about 13 miles, and its breadth about 8. It gradually rises towards the centre, where it culminates in Mount Elias, 1860 feet high. Among its natural pro ductions are lemons, citrons, olives, wine, and honey ; aad it also exports a considerable quantity of valonia. There were formerly four towns of some importance in the island : lulis, about three miles from the north-west shore ; Coressia, the harbour of lulis, with a temple of Apollo Smintheus in the neighbourhood ; Carthaea in the south-east; and Poieessa in the south-west. Of these lulis is represented by the town of Zea, and Carthsea by the village of S tais Polais ; and traces of the other two can still be made out. In ancient times lulis was the birthplace of the lyric poets Simonides and Bacchylides, the philosophers Prodicus and Ariston, and the physician Erasistratus ; and the excellence of its laws was BO generally recognized that the title of Cean Laws passed into a proverb. One of them, which forbade a citizen to protract his life beyond sixty years, affords a curious instance of the application of utilitarian principles. The present population of the island is about 8000, of which the capital has about 4300.  CEPHALONIA, or, the ancient Cephallenia, an island belonging to the kingdom of Greece, and the largest of those known as the Ionian Islands, is situated on the west side of the mainland, almost directly opposite the Gulf of Corinth. Its extreme length is 31 miles, and its breadth varies from about 20 miles in the southern portion to three or less in the projecting part, which runs parallel with the island of Ithaca, at a distance of about four miles across the strait of Guiscardo or Viscaro. The whole island, with its area of 348 English square miles, i.-&amp;gt;. covered with rocky hills of varying elevation, the main range running from north-west to south-east. The ancient 