Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/250

238 to be divided into twelve portions or tribes, each tribe being under the special charge of an apostle and his co- ministers, and the seat of the Apostolic College being at Albury in England. For the service of the church a comprehensive book of liturgies and offices was provided by the &quot; apostles ; &quot; and lights, incense, vestments, holy oil, water, chrism, and other adjuncts of worship have been appointed by their authority. The ceremonial in its completeness may be seen in the church in Gordon Square, London, and elsewhere. The daily worship consists of &quot; matins&quot; with proposition&quot; (or exposition) of the sacrament at 6 A.M., prayers at 9 A.M. and 3 P.M., and &quot;vespers&quot; with &quot;proposition&quot; at 5 P.M. On all Sundays and holy days there is a &quot; solemn celebra tion of the Eucharist &quot; at the high altar ; on Sundays this is at 10 A.M. On other days &quot;low celebrations&quot; are held in the side-chapels, which with the chancel in all churches correctly built after apostolic directions are separated or marked off from the nave by open screens with gates. Each congregation is presided over by its &quot; angel &quot; or bishop (who ranks as pastor in the Universal Church) ; under him are four-and-twenty priests, divided into the four ministries of &quot; elders, prophets, evangelists, and pastors,&quot; and with these are the deacons, seven of whom regulate the temporal affairs of the church besides whom there are also &quot; sub-deacons, acolytes, singers, and door keepers.&quot; The understanding is that each elder, with his co-presbyters and deacons, shall have charge of 500 adult communicants in his district ; but this has been but par tially carried into practice. This is the full constitution of each particular church or congregation as founded by the &quot; restored apostles,&quot; each local church thus &quot; reflecting in its government the government of the Church Catholic by the angel or high priest Jesus Christ, and His forty-eight presbyters in their fourfold ministry (in which apostles and elders always rank first), and under these the deacons of the Church Catholic.&quot; The priesthood is supported by tithes ; it being deemed a duty on the part of all members of the church who receive yearly incomes to offer a tithe of their increase every week, besides the free-will offering for the support of the place of worship, and for the relief of distress. Each local church sends &quot; a tithe of its tithes &quot; to the &quot; Temple,&quot; by which the ministers of the Universal Church are supported ; by these offerings, too, the needs of poorer churches are supplied, and other expenses connected with the administration of the Church Catholic. From recent statements made by members of this com munity it appears to be making steady progress. It claims to have among its clergy many of the Roman, Anglican, and other churches, the orders of those ordained by Greek, Roman, and Anglican bishops being recognized by it with the simple confirmation of an &quot;apostolic act.

1em  CATILINA,, a member of an ancient patrician family of Rome, first appears in history durino- the proscription of Sulla, conspicuous among the ruthless band of murderers, slaying his inoffensive brother-in-law with his own hand, and torturing and mutilating the much- loved Gratidianus. His foul vices were unconcealed ; he was believed to have made away with his wife and his son to win the profligate and wealthy Aurelia Orestilla; it was even suspected that he had been guilty of an intrigue with the Yestal Fabia. Nevertheless, in 66 B.C., he found himself qualified for the consulship, and only incapacitated by the impeachment brought against him by P. Clodius Pulcher for extortion during his government in Africa. Catiline would not brook even delay in his advance to power, and accordingly he formed a conspiracy, in which Autronius, Piso, and even, according to rumour, Crassus and Caesar were concerned. The new consuls were to be murdered while offering up their vows on the 1st of January ; and the fasces were to be seized by Catiline and Autronius. The plot failed, but only be cause the signal was given too hastily ; and the discovery brought no punishment upon those implicated, for the intervention of a tribune was readily obtained. Soon after, Catiline, having bribed both judges and accuser, was acquitted in the trial for extortion. His scheme was forthwith immensely widened. The city was to be fired, and those who opposed the revolution were to be slain ; all debts were to be cancelled ; and there was to be a proscription of all the wealthy citizens. Among the conspirators were many men of the first rank and influence. Arms and money were collected, soldiers were enlisted, and the assistance of the slaves was sought. But Catiline s hopes were again disappointed ; once more he failed to obtain the consulship ; and, moreover, it soon became apparent that one of the new consuls Cicero, was mysteriously able to thwart all the schemes of the con spirators. He was, in fact, informed of every detail, through Fulvia, the mistress of Curius, one of the plotters, who was himself soon persuaded to turn informer. Before the next comitia consularia assembled, the orator had given so impressive a warning of the danger which was impending, that Catiline was once more rejected and the consuls were invested with absolute authority. The other consul, C. Autronius, being absent in Macedonia, Cicero had every thing in his own hands. On the 8th of November, he again rose in the senate to make so vigorous an attack upon Catiline that he rushed from the temple, amid the curses of the senators, and fled to the army. Next day Cicero awoke the terror of the people by a second declaration which he delivered in the Forum. Still not one of the rebels deserted, though a free pardon and great rewards were offered to informers, a remarkable proof, it has been said, of the wretchedness and discontent of the lower orders at that time. It has also, however, been suggested that there existed uo conspiracy of a kind concerning which any member of the lower orders could give information. Legal evidence of the plot was, nevertheless, obtained by the means of the Allobrogian ambassadors, implicating Lentu- lus, Cethegus, and Statilius, who, on the nones of De cember, were condemned to be strangled by the common executioner in the vile dungeon of the Capitol. This act of speedy vengeance, which was opposed as illegal by Julius Caesar, was strenuously advocated by Cato and, indirectly, by Cicero. Thus a heavy blow was dealt to the cause of Catiline, who, in the beginning of 62 B.C., saw his legions, partially armed and diminished by desertion, shut in between those of Metellus Celer and Antony. Near Fsesulse he hazarded battle with the forces of the latter, commanded by M. Petreius, for the proconsul was or pretended to be ill. So terrible an engagement ensued that the bravest of the victors were slain, and of the con quered not one was taken alive. Catiline s body was found far in advance of his own ranks, amidst a heap of the enemy whom he had slain. Such is the account of the conspiracy of Catiline, and such is the character of its author, as we find them in the speeches of Cicero, and the histories of Sallust and Dion Cassius. Though there is nothing incredible in either, it must not be forgotten that our sole authorities for these statements were all members of one political party, and that the aristocratical. Some of the incidents given as facts by Dion Cassius are manifest absurdities ; and Cicero shared the common habit of ancient orators, and paid more regard to the effect than the truthfulness of an accusation. 