Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/118

106 name. They are about sixty in number, but their united area is not more than 170 square miles. The most impor tant are Great Canmata (with a peak rising to about 2000 feet), Panumbangan, the Pelapis Islands, Lissing, Bessi, Maledang, Surutu, and Pulu Lima. Their principal produc tions are edible nests, honey, wax, gutta percha, turtles, trepang, and shellfish. At one time the cluster formed a small independent principality ; but it afterwards became subject to Matan, and it is now attached to Pontianak. Several of the islands are altogether uninhabited, and the whole population is very small. See Veth s Woordenboek van Nederl. Indie.  CARINI, a town in Sicily, in the province of Palermo, on a rivulet of the same name, 12 miles W.N.W. of Palermo. It is pleasantly situated on an elevation, and is a neat, clean town, with a Gothic castle. On the coast, about three miles distant, are ruins of the ancient Hyccara, which was chiefly famous as the birthplace of Lais. Population about 9500.  CARINOLA, a town of Italy, in the province of Terra di Lavoro, a district of Gaeta, in 41 11 16&quot; N. lat. and 13 58 32&quot; E. long. It was formerly the see of a bishop, and is believed to occupy the site of the Lombard city of Foro Claudio, which was founded in 1058. Its principal buildings are the cathedral, the convents, and the seminary. Population, 7640.  CARINTHIA (in German, Karnten or Karnthen), a duchy, and since 1849 a crown-land of Austria, is bounded on the E. by Styria, on the N. by Styria and Salzburg, on the W. by Tyrol, and on the S. by Italy, Gortz, and Carniola. It has an area of 4006 English square miles, and the population in 1869 amounted to 336,400. The surface is for the most part mountainous, being occupied in the north by part of the Norian Alps, and in the south by those named the Carinthian Mountains, or the Kara- wanken. The principal river is the Drave, which flows from W. to E. through the length of the duchy, and re ceives in its course the waters of all the other streams, except the Fella, which reaches the Adriatic by junction with the Tagliamento. In its eastern half, the valley opens out into a considerable plain, which Contains the important lakes of the Worthersee and the Ossiachersee. According to official statistics, 337,246 acres of arable land were in cultivation in 1870; 280,581 acres were occupied by gardens and meadows, 593,040 by pasture, and 1,033,807 were under wood. In the same year there were in the duchy 22,979 horses, 232,791 head of cattle, 176,832 sheep, and 36,630 goats, while the bee-stocks amounted to 62,615. The mineral produce consisted of 145,940 tons of iron ore, 5,047 of lead ore, 71,264 of coal, 4,220 of zinc ore, and nearly 26 of graphite. The duchy is divided into the seven districts of Hermagor, Klagenfurt, Spittal, St Veit, Villach, Volkermarkt, and Wolfsberg, the capital Klagenfurt forming an independent and eighth division. There are in all ten towns, twenty-eight market villages, and 2,911 hamlets, the most populous places, besides the chief towns of the districts, being Bleiberg, Friesach, and Feldkirchen. With the exception of 19,000 Lutherans, the inhabitants are Roman Catholics ; and more than two- thirds of them are of German race. The rest are of Slavonic origin, and for the most part occupy the districts conterminous with Carniola and Styria, though a consider able Slavonic enclave is situated in the heart of the German area between Malborget and Tarvis. German is used in 255 of the village schools, and Slavonic in 24, while both are employed in 70. The Carinthian diet consists, accord ing to the law of 1861, of thirty-seven members, including, besides the bishop of Gurk, ten appointed by the landed proprietors, seven by the towns, fourteen by the rural communes, and three by the commercial authorities at Klagenfurt. Five members are sent to the imperial diet. Carinthia is so called from the Carni, a Celtic people who have perhaps also left their name to the neighbouring district of Carniola ; and in the time of Augustus it formed part of Noricum. After the fall of the Roman empire, it was the nucleus of the kingdom of Carentania, which was founded by Santo, a Frankish adventurer, but soon fell to pieces after his death. Under Charlemagne it con stituted a margravate, which in 843 passed into the hands of Louis the German, whose grandson Arnulf was the first to bear the title of Duke of Carinthia. The duchy was held by various families during the llth, 12th, and 13th centuries, and at length in 1335 was bestowed by Louis the Bavarian on the Dukes of Austria. It was divided into Upper or Western Carinthia and Lower or Eastern ; of these the former fell to France in 1809, but was reconquered in 1813, and joined in 1814 to the kingdom of Illyria. See AUSTRIA, vol. iii.  CARIPE, or, a town of Venezuela, in the state of Cumana, and about 40 miles from the city of that name, in 10 10 14&quot; N. lat. and 28 33 54&quot; W. long. It is the chief station of the mission to the Chayma Indians, and is famous for the extensive system of caves in the limestone rock in the neighbourhood, which have been described by Humboldt. These extend inwards a distance of 2800 feet, and have a height of 70 or 80 feet. They are frequented by a species of night hawk, which builds in the recesses of the rocks. The young are killed in grea-t numbers for the sake of their oil. The population of the town and valley is estimated at 5000.  CARISBROOKE, a village in the Isle of Wight, about a mile S. of Newport, at the base of a steep conical hill crowned by the castle, to which its celebrity is principally due. It was at one time a considerable market-town, and under the independent lords of Wight it ranked as the capital of the island. The original fortress is supposed to have been built by the Saxons as early as the 6th century ; and, indeed, according to the annals, it was besieged by Cerdic in 530. It was enlarged by William Fitzosborne, the first lord of Wight, in the llth century, was captured by Stephen in 1136, and in the reign ol Richard II. resisted an attack by the French. Furthei additions were made to it at different times, till, in the reign of Elizabeth, it reached its greatest dimensions, and comprised within its outer walls a space of 20 acres. The most interesting incident in its history is the captivity of Charles I., who took refuge with its governor, Colonel Hammond, in November 1647, but soon found his asylum converted into a prison. After his execution his two youngest children were confined in the castle, and the princess Elizabeth died there. The remains are still ex tensive and imposing, but the king s apartments are in ruins. Within the walls is a well 200 feet deep and another in the centre of the keep is reputed to have been still deeper. Opposite the castle-hill are the remains of a Cistercian priory founded in the llth century, and the parish church, which boasts of even greater antiquity. The population of the parish in 1871 was 8198.  CARISSIMI,, one of the most celebrated masters of the Italian, or, more accurately, the Roman school of music. Of his life almost nothing is known, and Fetis, who has made his biography a subject of special study, has been able to do little more than correct inaccurate or fictitious statements of previous writers. The only authenticated facts are the following. Carissimi was born about 1604, at Marino, near Rome, and received his first musical educa tion at home. At the age of 20 he became chapel-master at Assisi, and in 1628 he obtained the same position at the church of St Apollinaris, belonging to the Collegium Germanicum in Rome, which he held till his death in 1 674. He never seems to have left Italy, the rumour of his pro longed stay in Paris, mentioned by De Fresneux, being entirely unfounded. By his education he belonged to the old Roman school of music, but his compositions show little of the severe grandeur of the earlier masters. He marks indeed the turning-point from the traditions of the 