Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/688

Rh     is the third letter of the, and of the other s derived from the. Its has been singular. It was the same in form as the, but inclined at a different , thus,  (see under ), and by degrees it was rounded into. It occupied the same place in the, and had the same ,—that of the  g, the corresponding surd being represented, as in , by. (See under for the distinction between s and surds.) These two sounds became confused at  at an early time before, and perhaps much earlier. The k-sound was lost and the symbol C represented both the g-sound, as in macister, lecio, and the original k-sound, as in censor, consul. The symbol ', however, was not entirely lost; it is found irregularly in s of all dates down to the times of the, and regularly as an initial abbreviation of Kalendæ, ', Kæso'' (the proper name). In the the distinction between the two sounds was revived; but the symbol K was not replaced in ordinary use. C remained as the representative of the, losing its original value; while a modification of it () was introduced to represent the. The symbol retained its old value only when as the initial letter it represented the names Gaius and Gnæus, which, in consequence, are often erroneously written and sounded Caius and Cnæus. With this changed value the symbol C passed into the s which are represented by the. In some of them it has undergone yet further change. Before e and i in, though still written, it is sounded as ch. This change from the to the  is the result of, due to the following s. There is no evidence to show that it was established before the  In  (as commonly in ) c before e and i has the sound of s. This is only a further change in the same direction as the ; and before a in an original c has the sound sh, and is spelt ch, as in champ (campus), chambre (camera). Exceptions to this rule are generally words incorporated into (i.e., the descendant of the old  of the ) from other s, as those of  or, or are introduced from the , as cavalier, &c. Our ch (pronounced tch) for original c (as in chin for  cin, child for cild) is due probably to  influence, but here, as often, it is difficult to differentiate the results of the many disturbing causes which have operated upon. As a, C (for centum) denotes 100. In, placed after the , it indicates that the measure is of the value of four s.  CAABA. See and.  CABAGAN, a of, one of the, in the of , situated on the N.E. coast. It is the second largest in the, and has a  of 11,100.  CABANIS, (1757–1808), a distinguished, was born at in 1757. His father was a of eminence, and chief  of a  in the. His was at first entrusted to the s, but at the age of ten he was transferred to the  of. He showed great aptitude for study, but his independence of spirit was so excessive that he was almost constantly in a state of rebellion against his teachers, and was finally dismissed from the. After a year's residence at home he was taken to by his father and left to carry on his studies at his own discretion. He attended classes at the, and read with particular delight 's On the Human Understanding. Two years had been spent in close and assiduous study, when in 1773 he received the offer of the post of to the - of. He accepted it and passed two years at, viewing with disgust and contempt the petty intrigues and jealousies that accompanied the of. On his return to he devoted himself mainly to, for which he had always a strong inclination. He was intimate with the, and was introduced by  to the society of , where he met such men as , , , , , and. About this time he ventured to send in to the a  of the passage from  proposed for their prize, and though his attempt passed without notice, he received so much encouragement from his friends that he contemplated  the whole of the. At the earnest desire of his father he relinquished these pleasant employments, and resolved to engage in some settled. After deliberation he fixed upon that of, and began his studies under. In 1789 his Observations sur les Hôpitaux procured him an appointment as of s in. From inclination and from weak he never engaged much in practice as a. His interest lay entirely in the deeper problems of and , and these he investigated with unusual closeness and minuteness. Nor had he quite given up his fondness for society; his residence at  on the outskirts of  enabled him still to continue his intercourse with, , and others. He had even the pleasure of reading to part of his  of the, and of receiving warm commendation from the veteran critic. But he had long ceased to occupy himself with that work; and in his Serment d'un Médecin, which appeared in 1789, he bade a formal adieu to. In the great political struggle of the time espoused with enthusiasm the cause of the, to which he was attached from principle, and of which the opening prospects were congenial to his active and ardent mind. During the two last years of 's life he was intimately connected with that extraordinary man, who had the singular art of pressing into his service the pens of all his friends. Cabanis united himself with this disinterested association of labourers, and contributed the Travail sur l'Education Publique, a tract which was found among the papers of at his death, and was edited by the real author soon afterwards in 1791. During the which terminated his life,  confided himself entirely to the professional skill of Cabanis. Of the progress of the malady, and the circumstances attending the death of Mirabeau, Cabanis drew up a very detailed narrative, which is not calculated, however, to impress us with any high idea of his skill in the treatment of an acute inflammatory disease. was another distinguished character with whom Cabanis was intimate, and whom he endeavoured, though without success, to save from the destiny in which he afterwards became involved by the calamitous events of the. Shortly after this he married, sister to and to , a union which was a great source of happiness to him during the remainder of his life.