Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/635

Rh situated about 250 miles E. of Celebes. According to Melvill von Carnb6e it has an area of 3487 square miles, and extends from 3 IS to 3 f&amp;gt;0 S. lat. Its surface is for the most part very mountainous, though the seaboard district is frequently alluvial and marshy from tho deposits of the numerous rivers by which the island is traversed. Of these, estimated at no less than 125, comparatively few are navigable except the Kaycli or Wai Apoe, which is the largest of all. The principal peaks are the Tomahoe (Kapala-Lemadang, Saniane or Burn-dome), 8529 feet in height, the Filehet, and the Palamatta. In the middle of the western portion of the island lies the large lake of Wakaholo, with a circumference of 37 miles, and a depth of about 100 feet. By far the larger part of the country is covered with natural forest and prairie land, but such portions as have baen brought into cultivation are highly fertile. Coffee, rice, and a variety of fruits, such as the lemon, orange, banana, pine-apple, and cocoa-nut are readily grown, as well as sago, red-pepper, tobacco, and cotton. The only important export, however, is cajeput oil, a sudorific distilled from the leaves of the Mclaleuca Cajaputi, or white-wood tree, of which about 8000 bottles are manufactured annually and sent to Java and other parts of the archipelago. The native flora is very rich, and the teak, ebony, and canari trees are especially abundant. Among the animals are buffaloes, hogs, deer, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes ; and ducks, doves, cockatoos, and birds of paradise are the chief representatives of the feathered species. According to Mr Wallace, the inhabitants are mainly of two partially amalgamated races Malays on the sea-coast like those of Celebes, and Alfuros in the interior akin to those in Ceram. The latter are still completely pagan, live in scattered hamlets, and havs come very little in contact with any civilization. Among the maritime population a small number of Chinese, Arabs, and other races are also to be found. The island is divided by the Dutch into the regencies of Kayeli, Hat, Lumaeteh, Waaisama, Massareteh, Foggi, B.ira, Licella, Talisa, Ma- rulat, and Leliali. The village of Kayeli is inhabited by eleven Mahometan tribes, who were compelled by Arnold de Vlaming in 1657 to gather together from the different parts of the island, while all the clove-trees were mercilessly exterminated. Before the arrival of the Dutch the islanders were under the dominion of the sultan of Ternate ; and it was their rebellion against him that gave the Europeans the opportunity of effecting, their subjugation. In 1854 the port of Kayeli was declared free to all nations without customs on either ship or cargo.

1em  BURY, a manufacturing town and parliamentary borough of England, in the county of Lancaster, on the Irwell, 8 miles N.N.W. of Manchester. The woollen-trade, intro duced in the 14th century, and of such importance in the reign of Elizabeth that she appointed an officer to stamp the cloth, still gives employment to 1000 of the population, but it has been greatly surpassed in extent by the cotton manufacture, which with its various branches gave employ ment in 1872 to 16,256 men and women of the age of twenty years or upwards. The auxiliary and supplemental trades of engine-making, spindle-making, calico-printing, bleaching, and dyeing are also largely carried on ; the paper manufacture employs about 600 people ; upwards of 1000 miners find work in the neighbouring coal-pits ; 1200 workmen are engaged in the iron manufacture, and nearly 200 in the stone quarries. The town has been not only greatly extended but also greatly improved since the middle of the century ; it is well drained, anc 7 has a good supply of water. It contains a town-hall, an athenrcum (including a museum), a free grammar school, founded by the Rev. Roger Kay, a mechanics institute, and several public libraries. The parish church of St Mary s was rebuilt in 1776. The government, which was at one time in the hands of three constables, appointed by the earl of Derby, the lord of the manor, was afterwards entrusted to a board of commissioners under a local Act ; but the town has applied for municipal incorporation. Bury is a place of considerable antiquity, and was formerly the seat of a baronial castle, which was destroyed by the Parliamentary forces in 1644. Sir Robert Peel was born at Chamber Hall in the neighbour hood, and his father did much for the prosperity of the town by the establishment of extensive printworks. A monu ment to the statesman now adorns the market-place. The parliamentary borough, which comprises the townships of Bury and Elton, has returned one member to Parliament since the Reform Bill of 1832. Ita population in 1871 was 41,344, of whom 19,849 were males, and 21,495 females; the inhabited houses numbered 8279, and tho registered electors 5518.  BURY,. See, ..  BURY ST EDMUNDS, a market-town and municipal and parliamentary borough of England, in the county of Suffolk, on the Lark, 26 miles N.W. of Ipswich, and 71 miles from London. It is governed by a mayor, six alder men, and eighteen councillors, and returns two members to Parliament. The town is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence, in a fertile and richly cultivated district, is clean and well built, and has a good drainage system. It is sup posed to be the Villa Faustini of the Romans, and numer ous Roman remains have been dug up on the spot. It was the Beoderics worth of the Saxons, and by them was made a royal town of East Anglia. Its present name is derived from St Edmund, the king and martyr, who was taken prisoner and put to death by the Danes in 870. In 1020 a monastery was founded there by Canute, which for mag nificence and splendour surpassed every other establishment of the kind in Britain, with the exception of that of Glastonbury. It was 505 feet long and 212 wide; and contained twelve chapels. The abbot had a seat in Parlia ment, with the power to inflict capital punishment, and judged in_all civil causes within the liberty. The privilege of coining was granted to the abbot by Edward the Con fessor, and both Edward I. and Edward II. had mints in I the town. In 1327 the people of the town and neighbour hood attacked the monastery and reduced a large part of it to ashes. The tower or church-gate, one of the finest specimens of Norman architecture in the kingdom, and the western gate, erected about the middle of the 1 4th century, with a small portion of the walls, are all that now remains of that magnificent structure. St Mary s church, a fiao Gothic edifice, with a beautifully carved roof, was erected in the earlier part of the 15th century, and contains the tomb of Mary Tudor, Queen of Louis XII. of France. St James s church is also a very fine building, containing several handsome monuments. The free grammar school, founded by Edward VI., has two scholarships at Cam bridge, and six exhibitions to each university. The town has a shire-hall where assizes for the county and liberty are held, a handsome and commodious corn exchange, a guildhall, news and assembly rooms, a theatre, a savings-bank, botanic gardens, a county jail, a general hospital, and about 100 almshouses. The market-days are Wednesday and Saturday. Wednesday s market is very important, both for corn and cattle, but particularly for the latter, being second only to that of Norwicn, which is the largest in the Eastern counties. About a mile below the town the river becomes navigable for barges to Lynn, whence coals and other com modities were lormeily brought, but of late years, since the formation of the railway, the river has been but little used, 