Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/622

560  BURMAH,, the country acquired by the n after the with the, is situated between 10° and 22° N. undefined., and 92° and 100° E. undefined. It is bounded on the N. by, on the E. by , on the S. by the , and on the W. by the and the   of. The of British Burmah extends along the eastern  of the, and is  divided into four portions,—, extending from the   to  , and consisting of a narrow strip of country between the  and the high  chain called ; the  of the , which, divided from the   by the   range, unites with it in its southern portion; the  of the ; and , a narrow strip, separated from  by a lofty chain of s running from north to south. For purposes the country is divided into three ships,, , and , and into fifteen s, viz., , , , Northern , , , , , , , , , , , and.

.—The greater part of the is covered with s, s,, and beds. The eastern and southern part is particularly ous, thinly, and much intersected by. In the central part of the the  of the  unites with the  of the  at its lower end, and forms an extensive, stretching from   on the west to  on the east. The more northern of these s are rugged and y, and are so densely covered with that but little  can be carried on. A chain of s called the range forms the boundary of the  division on the east. It is the continuation of the and  range, which shoots forth from the  at their north-eastern extremity, runs south, forms the eastern boundary of  and, and turning south-east, gradually diminishes both in breadth and elevation till it ends in the rocky promontory of. Blue, one of its peaks, on the northern boundary of the , is said to rise 8000 feet above the ; but within the the range nowhere attains a height much above 4000 feet. The same range forms the western boundary of the  ; and the  range, rising to a supposed height of 7000 feet, bounds the   towards the east. The  range forms the watershed between these two. The s of rise to a height of 5000 feet, with a breadth varying from 10 to 40 s; they are covered with pathless, and devoid of   of any kind.

s.—Beginning from the extreme west the following are the principal s:—The is on the western boundary. The River, an arm of the, about 40 s to the eastward, is from 3 to 4 s broad at its mouth. The or  River rises near the Blue  in about 23° N. ., and is  for 40 s from its mouth by s of 300 or 400 s burden. The, , , , and are streams of minor importance. The mouth of the last, however, forms a good and  for  or s of from 9 to 10 feet draught. The rises in about 28° N. . and 97° 30′ E. ., and flows for upwards of 600 s before reaching the  possessions, through which it has a course of 240 s to the  in a S.S.W. direction. As it approaches the it divides into numerous branches, converting the lower portion of the valley into a net-work of  s. Its principal branches are the  River,, , , , , , , , , and  s. It is  for   as far as , nearly 400 s beyond the. The when full runs about five s an. The rises close to, where it is called the  stream, and flowing in a southerly direction nearly parallel to the , it next takes the name of the , and finally of the , and falls into the  a few miles below. Its principal tributaries are the, an offshoot of the , and the and  s. It is  by s of the largest size for some distance above , but owing to the Hastings , formed at the junction of the , the , and the  s, s of more than 6 feet draught cannot ascend beyond the  at low. The rises far north of  territory, which it enters just about, and flowing southwards, falls into the , when it widens so rapidly that it is impossible to tell where the  ends and the  begins. Its principal tributary is the. A, or , sweeps up this , and its effect is felt as far as. The rises in the  s, flows southward, and falls into the. The rises in, flows south through the  s, and falls into the  at. The rises in the chain of s which forms the boundary between the  of  and British Burmah, and flows in a south-westerly direction through dense  s and an almost uninhabited country. The has numerous s on its banks, and is  for 180 s by country s. The  falls into the  by two mouths, the northern of which is  for large s. There is only one in the, connecting the  and the  s. The s are the, , and. A large part of the is covered with s, but the reserved area only amounts to 133 square s. The  s lie in the  division. The total s from the s in 1871-72 amounted to 77,240.

.—The total of the is 88,556 square s; the  was returned by the  of 1872 at 2,747,148, giving an  of 31 inhabitants to the square. The numbered 2,447,831,  99,846,  36,658,  52,299, and s 110,514. The s, s, &c., numbered 14,107; the inhabited s, 535,533. Only ten s in the had a  exceeding 10,000,—, the, containing 98,745.

.— is the product of the, and in 1871-72 1,836,021 s were devoted to its. Other s covered 4860 s;, 25,502 s; , chiefly cultivated in the s around the ' s, 3179 s; and , principally grown in the  clearings, 14,120 s. The fibre of the indigenous  is short but strong, and it  with great tenacity to the. The export of is increasing. , grown on banks or in the dry beds of, inferior in quality, and wholly used for consumption, occupied 12,866 s. The other crops produced in the  are , s, , mixed s, &c. The system of known in  as the júm, that is clearing virgin  by,  it for one or two s, and then leaving it again to the , is here extensively practised under the name of toungya. Although discouraged on account of its wasteful character it cannot be altogether prohibited, as it is the only means of subsistence for a large part of the. Seven great have been  in the  for the protection and extension