Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/62

52 houses, public warehouses, and consulships of some forty different countries. The trade is very extensive, particu larly in wines, and has undergone a remarkable develop ment since the introduction of railways and steamships. For a long time Bordeaux was greatly indebted to the Languedoc canal, but this means of communication is now of mil! or importance. The toial value of the export and import trade is annually about 16,500,000, about a third belonging to Britain. In 1872 the value of Bordeaux wines exported from France was upwards of 5,600,000, and the brandy and liqueurs from Bordeaux itself annu ally produce about XI, 000,000. The other articles exported    Ground-Plan of Bordeaux. 1. Ilospital for Old Men. 14. 2. Church of St .Michel. 15. 3. Place du Marche Neuf 16. 4. Grand Sdminaire. 17. 5 Petit Sdminaire. 18. C. Asylum for the Insane. 19. 7. Plrtce des Capucins 20. 8. Place Bourgogne 9. Custom House 21. 10. Exchange. 22 11. Place de la Bourse. 12. Place d Aquitnine 2.3. 13. Military Hospital 24. Church of St Nicholas. St John s Hospital. Ilospital for Incurables. Synagogue. St James s Chapel. Barracks. Old Palais de Justice and St Paul s Church. Lycde Imperial. Old Chapelle des Irian- dais. St Andrew s (Cathedral). Municipal Barracks. 25. TOtel de Vi le. 2G. Prison De&quot;partemental. 27. Palais de Justice. | 28. Place d Armes. 2:). St Andrew s Hospital. 30. St Raphael s Barracks. SI. Church of St Euialie. 32. Tobacco Manufactory. 33. Place Rodesse. 34. Church of St Bruno. 35. Church of St Seurin. 3G. Deaf and Dumb Institution. 37. Mint. 38. Place de Tourny. 39. Thtfatie des Varie te s. 40. Place des Grands Ilcrnrr.o 41. Church of Notie Da-ne. 42. Hotel de 1 Academic. 43. Place de la Comedic. 44. Grand Theatre. 45. Hotel de la Prefecture. 40. Old Church of St llt -mi. 47. Chapelle de Notre Dame de Bon Sec ours. 48. Archbishop s Palace. 49. ITulcI de la Maiiiic. 50. Church of the Carmelites. 51. Baths. cmrr.cs. 52. English Protestant Church. 5&quot;. Protestant Church. 54. Entrepot reel. 55. Church of St I.outs and ire. Archives du Department. )aaie 50. College de Tivoli. 57. Church of St Eloi. ^ 8. Place Fe gcre.    comprise corn, fruits, sugar, wood, resin, rags, madder, tartar, gums, indigo, and native manufactures. Shipbuild ing is a leading industry, the number of firms in that department being about twenty in 1875. In the same year 220 vessels belonged to the port, with a total tonnage of upwards of 92,000 English tons. Bordeaux, or Burdigala, was originally the chief town of the Bituriges Vivisci. Under the Roman empire it be came a flourishing commercial city, and in the 3d century it was made the capital of Aquitania Secunda. Ausonius, a writer of the 4th century, who was a native of the place, describes it as four-square and surrounded with walls and lofty towers, and celebrates its importance as one of the greatest educational centres of Gaul. In the evils that resulted from the disintegration of the empire Bordeaux had its full share, and did not recover its prosperity till the beginning of the 10th century. Along with Guienne it belonged to the English kings for nearly three hundred years (1154-1452), and was for a time the seat of the brilliant court of the Black Prince, whose son Richard was born in the city. An extensive commerce was gradually developed between the Bordeaux merchants and their fellow- subjects in England, London, Hull, Exeter, Dartmouth, Bristol, and Chester being the principal ports with which they traded. For full details regarding the character of the traffic and its influence on the destinies of the city the reader may consult Francisque Michel s Ilistoire du Com merce et de la Navigation de llordeaux, 18G7. In 1548 the inhabitants resisted the imposition of the salt-tax by force of arms, a pardonable rebellion for which they were punished by Montmorency with merciless severity. At a later period they held out for the Frondeurs against the royal army under Louis XIV. and Richelieu, with an obstinacy that brought the monarch and his minister to a humbler mood. During the Reign of Terror the city suffered almost as severely as Lyons and Marseilles, and its commerce was greatly reduced under Napoleon I. In 1814 it declared for the House of Bourbon; and Louis XVIII. afterwards gave the title of duke of Bordeaux to his grandnephew. better known as the Count de 