Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/596

534 in Middlesex, of which parish his father was minister. He was educated at Westminster school, and in 1660 was sent to Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but not being able conscientiously to subscribe the necessary formulae, he quitted that university without taking his degree. In 1667, after taking orders, he was appointed by Lord Orrery to the head-mastership of a school recently established by that nobleman at Charleville in Munster, and soon after he became private chaplain to Lady Mervin, near Dublin. On his return from Ireland he openly avowed his Presbyterian principles, and frequently preached in con tempt of the severe laws against nonconformity. For these offences he was imprisoned, but soon regaining his liberty he went to London, where he speedily collected a large con gregation, as much by the somewhat fanatical fervour of his piety as by the ludicrous illustrations which he frequently employed in his sermons. Besides preaching, he gave in structions to private pupils, of whom the most distinguished was Henry St John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke.  BURGESS, (1756-1837), bishop of Salisbury, was born at Odiham, in Hampshire. He was educated at Winchester, and in 1775 he removed to Oxford, where he gained a scholarship at Corpus Christi College. Before graduating, he edited a reprint of Burton s Pentalogia. In 1781 he brought out an edition of Dawes s Miscellanea Critica, with numerous annota tions, a work so favourably received on the Continent that it was reprinted verbatim at Leipsic in 1800. In 1783 he became a fellow of his college, and two years later undertook a journey to Holland, where he prosecuted his researches for some time. On his return he was appointed chaplain to Shute Barrington, bishop of Salisbury, through whose influence he obtained a prebendal stall in the cathedral of that town. In 1789 he published his Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery, in which he advocated the principle of gradual emancipation. From Salisbury he removed to Durham, where he effected much good among the poorer classes, by publishing and distributing suitable religious works. In 1803 he was promoted by his old schoolfellow Addington, then prime minister, to the vacant see of St David s, which he held for twenty years, and where he gave evidence of his philanthropic disposition by establish ing the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, and founding the College of Lampeter, which he liberally endowed. In 1820 he was appointed first president of the Royal Society of Literature recently founded ; and three years later he was promoted to the see of Salisbury, over which he presided for twelve years, prosecuting his benevolent designs with unwearied industry. One of the most important of the many services which he rendered to the church, was the establishment of a Church Union Society for the assistance of infirm and distressed clergy men, to which he bequeathed 3000. In the midst of his useful and laborious career, he was cut off by an attack of dropsy, February 19, 1837. He bequeathed his library and a large sum of money to Lampeter College. A list of his works, which are very numerous, will be found in his biography by J. S. Harford, 2d ed., 1841. In addition to those already referred to may be mentioned his Essay on the Study of Antiquities; The First Principles of Christian Knowledge ; Reflections on the Controversial Writings of Dr Priestley ; Emendationes in Suidam et Hesychium et olios Lcxicographos Grcecos ; The Bible, and nothing but the Bible, the Religion of the Church of England.  BURGHLEY,. See.  BURGKMAIR, or, a celebrated engraver on wood, believed to have been a pupil of A. Diirer, was born at Augsburg in 1473, and died about 1531. Professor Christ ascribes to him about 700 woodcuts, most of them distinguished by that spirit and freedom which we admire in the works of his supposed master. His principal work is the series of 135 prints representing the triumphs of the Emperor Maximilian I. They are of large size, executed in chiaroscuro, from two blocks, and convey a high idea of his powers. Burgkmair was also an excellent painter in fresco and in distemper, specimens of which are in the galleries of Munich and Vienna, carefully and solidly finished in the style of the old German school. See Kugler s Handbook of Flemish, Dutch, and German Schools, by Crowe.  BURGLARY, or (burgi latrocinium), which by the ancient English law was called hamesucken (a word also used in the law of Scotland, but in a somewhat different sense), has always been looked upon as a very heinous offence. The definition of a burglar, as given by Sir Edward Coke, is &quot; he that by night breaketh and entereth in a mansion-house with intent to commit a felony.&quot; The offence and its punishment are regulated by 24 and 25 Viet. c. 96. Night, for the pur poses of that Act (sec. 1), is deemed to commence at nine o clock in the evening of each day, and to conclude at six o clock in the morning. Sec. 51 extends the definition of burglary to cases in which a person enters another s dwelling- house with intent to commit felony, or being in such house commits felony therein, and in either case breaks out of such dwelling-house by night. The punishment is penal servitude for life, or any term not less than five years, or imprisonment not exceeding two years, with or without hard labour and solitary confinement.  BURGOS, the capital formerly of the kingdom of Old Castile, and now of a separate province, stands on the slope of a hill, the base of which is skirted by the River Arlanzon, 75 miles from Madrid, in lat. 42 21 N., long. 3 43 W. It is a considerable town, consisting of about 1400 houses, originally girt into the form of a segment of a circle by a wall, some portions of which still remain. On the opposite bank of the river, and connected with the more ancient part of the town by three stone bridges, are the suburbs (Barrio de la Vega), tastefully laid out in pleasure-grounds, while lower down in the midst of the stream is an island furnished with seats and walks as a public promenade. The streets and squares are exceedingly irregular, although spacious and well built. The principal square is the Plaza Mayor, or Plaza de la Constitucion, in the centre of which is a bronze statue of Charles II. The most important public building is the cathedral, begun by Bishop Maurice, traditionally an Englishman, in 1221, but not completed till 1567. It is built in an irregular florid Gothic style, and contains eight chapels, the most famous of which is the Capilla del Condestable, containing the tombs of several of the Velasco family, the hereditary constables of Castile. (See View and Plan in Street s Gothic Archi tecture of Spain, and history by Orcajo, Ilistoria de la Catedral de Burgos.} Besides the cathedral there is the Hotel de Ville, or Casa de Ayuntamiento (where the bones &amp;gt;f the Cid and his wife are preserved in a walnut case), the Palace of Velasco, the church of Sfc Paul, and a beautiful Doric arch, erected in honour of Fernando Gonzalez. There is a fine approach to the city through the massive gate of Santa Maria, surmounted by a statue of the Virgin and Child, and with figures of Fernando Gonzalez, Charles I., the Cid, and Diego Porcelos in the niches. The hospitals of Burgos are seven in number, and well supported ; they are the Hospital San Juan (founded in 1479), the Hospital de la Conception, San Julian, San Quirce, Del Rey, Militar, and the Hospicio y Casa de Epositos. The educational wants of the district are supplied by four primary schools, which are liberally endowed from the municipal funds, and give -gratuitous instruction to a con siderable number of pupils. There is also a normal school and 