Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/589

Rh taken his post, was killed by a .shot from the town. Bunyan ever after considered himself as having been saved from death by the special interference of Providence. It may be observed that his imagination was strongly impressed by the glimpse which ho had caught of the pomp of war. To the lust he loved to draw his illustra tions of sacred things from camps and fortresses, from guns, drums, trumpets, flags of truce, and regiments arrayed each under its own banner. His Greatheart, his Captain Boanerges, and his Captain Credence are evidently pin-traits, of which the originals were among those martial saints who fought and expounded in Fairfax s army. In a few months Bunyan returned home, and married. His wife had some pious relations, and brought him as her only portion some pious books. And now his mind, excit able by nature, very imperfectly disciplined by education, and exposed, without any protection, to the infectious virulence of the enthusiasm which was then epidemic in England, began to be fearfully disordered. In outward things he soon became a strict Pharisee. He was constant in attendance at prayers and sermons. His favourite amuse ments were, one after another, relinquished, though not without many painful struggles. In the middle of a game at tipcat he paused, and stood staring wildly upwards with his stick in his hand. He had heard a voice asking him whether he would leave his sins and go to heaven, or keep his sins and go to hell ; and he had seen an awful coun tenance frowning on him from the sky. The odious vice of bell-ringing he renounced ; but he still for a time ventured to go to the church tower and look on while others pulled the ropes. But soon the thought struck him that, if he persisted in such wickedness, the steeple would fall on his head ; and he fled in terror from the accursed place. To give up dancing on the village green was still harder ; and some months elapsed before he had the forti tude to part with his darling sin. When this last sacrifice had been made, he was, even when tried by the maxims of that austere time, faultless. All Elstow talked of him as an eminently pious youth. But his own mind was more unquiet than ever. Having nothing more to do in the way of visible reformation, yet finding in religion no pleasures to supply the place of the juvenile amusements which he had relinquished, he began to apprehend that he lay under some special malediction ; and he was tormented by a succession of fantasies which seemed likely to drive him to suicide or to Bedlam. At one time he took it into his head that all persons of Israelite blood would be saved, and tried to make out that he partook of that blood ; but his hopes were speedily destroyed by his father, who seems to have had no ambi tion to be regarded as a Jew. At another time Bunyan was disturbed by a strange dilemma : &quot;If I have not faith, I am lost ; if I have faith, I can work miracles.&quot; He was tempted to cry to the puddles between Elstow and Bedford, &quot;Be ye dry,&quot; and to stake his eternal hopes on the event. Then he took up a notion that the day of grace for Bedford and the neighbouring villages was past ; that all who were to be saved in that part of England were already converted ; and that he had begun to pray and strive some months too late. Then he was harassed by doubts whether the Turks were not in the right, and the Christians in the wrong. Then he was troubled by a maniacal impulse which prompted him to pray to the trees, to a broomstick, to the parish bull. As yet, however, he was only entering the valley of the shadow of death. Soon the darkness grew thicker. Hideous forms floated before him. Sounds of cursing and wailing were in his ears. His way ran through stencli and fire, close to the mouth of the bottomless pit. He began to be haunted by a strange curiosity about the unpardonable sin, and by a morbid longing to commit it. But the most frightful of all the forms which his disease took was a propensity to utter blasphemy, and especially to renounce his share in the benefits of the redemption. Night and dny, in bed, at table, at work, evil spirits, as he imagined, were repeating close to his ear the words, &quot;Sell him, sell him.&quot; He struck at the hobgoblins ; he pushed them from him ; but still they were ever at his side. He cried out in answer to them, hour after hour, &quot;Never, never; not for thousands of worlds; not for thousands.&quot; At length, worn out by this long agony, he suffered the fatal words to escape him, &quot;Let him go if he will. 1 Then his misery became more fearful than ever. He had done what could not be for given. He had forfeited his part of the great sacrifice. Like Esau, he had sold his birthright ; and there was no longer any place for repentance. &quot;None,&quot; he afterwards wrote, &quot;knows the terrors of those days but myself.&quot; He has described his sufferings with singular energy, sym- plicity, and pathos. He envied the brutes ; he envied the very stones on the street, and the tiles on the houses. The sun seemed to withhold its light and warmth from him. His body, though cast in a sturdy mould, and though still in the highest vigour of youth, trembled whole days together with the fear of death and judgment. He fancied that this trembling was the sign set on the worst reprobates, the sign which God had put on Cain. The unhappy man s emotion destroyed his power of diges tion. He had such pains that he expected to burst asunder like Judas, whom he regarded as his prototype. Neither the books which Bunyan read, nor the advisers whom he consulted, were likely to do much good in a case like his. His small library had received a most unseasonable addition, the account of the lamentable end of Francis Spira. One ancient man of high repute for piety, whom the sufferer consulted, gave an opinion which might well have produced fatal consequences. &quot;I am afraid,&quot; said Bunyan, &quot;that I have committed the sin against the Holy Ghost.&quot; &quot;Indeed,&quot; said the old fanatic, &quot;I am afraid that you have.&quot; At length the clouds broke; the light became clearer and clearer ; and the enthusiast who had imagined that he was branded with the mark of the first murderer, and destined to the end of the arch-traitor, enjoyed peace and a cheerful confidence in the mercy of God. Years elapsed, however, before his nerves, which had been so perilously overstrained, recovered their tone. When he had joined a Baptist society at Bedford, and was for the first time ad mitted to partake of the eucharist, it was with difficulty that he could refrain from imprecating destruction on his brethren while the cup was passing from hand to hand. After he had been some time a member of the congregation, he began to preach ; and his sermons produced a powerful effect. He was indeed illiterate; but he spoke to illiterate men. The severe training through which he had passed had given him such an experimental knowledge of all the modes of religious melancholy as he could never have gathered from books ; and his vigorous genius, animated by a fervent spirit of devotion, enabled him not only to exercise a great influence over the vulgar, but even to extort the half-contemptuous admiration of scholars. Yet it was long before he ceased to be tormented by an impulse which urged him to utter words of horrible impiety in the pulpit. Counter-irritants are of as great use in moral as in physical diseases. It should seem that Bunyan waa finally relieved from the internal sufferings which had embittered his life by sharp persecution from without. He had been five years a preacher, when the Restoration