Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/587

Rh against the aggressive demeanour of the reactionary clique, who were utilizing, in the interests of ism and, the horror of ary outbreaks then felt by the quiet middle classes of. Its prepared the way, more perhaps than any other event, for that rise of liberal opinion in  which showed its power in the next reign. Twice only was Bunsen tempted away from his retreat to show himself at ,—once, at 's desire and as his guest, in 1857, to attend the meeting of the, in the main objects of which he sympathized as warmly as  On that occasion, and after much confidential intercourse, the two  parted never to meet again on this side of the. One of the last papers signed by before  in  of that year was that which raised Bunsen to the rank of, and conferred upon him a life. In 1858 the (now ) William having addressed a special request to Baron Bunsen not to fail him at the opening of his first, he took his seat in the , and supported actively during a brief  session, but without ever making a speech, the regent's new , of which several of Bunsen's  and personal  were members. work was, however, the centre of his life throughout that time. Two discoveries of ancient. which occurred during his stay in, containing, the one a shorter text of the Epistles of St Ignatius, and the other an unknown work On all the Heresies, by, had already given him an opportunity for enlarging upon the of the. He now concentrated all his efforts upon producing a  with  that would open the sacred volumes afresh to the understanding and the hearts of a generation gradually estranged from them. Whilst this &ldquo;-work&rdquo; was in preparation, and to pave the way for its reception, he printed a book considered by many to contain his most matured thoughts, under the title of God in History. The progress of, he contends, marches parallel to the conception of formed within each  by the highest exponents of its thought. At the same time he carried through the, ably assisted by the , the concluding volumes of his work (published in  as well as in ) Egypt's Place in Universal History—containing a reconstruction of , together with an attempt to determine the relation in which the  and the  of  stands to the development of each among the more ancient non- and  s, between which its curious  seems to have formed a kind of connecting link. Those who desire to know Bunsen's ideas on this subject may find them most fully developed in two volumes published in before he quitted —Outlines of the Philosophy of Universal History as applied to Language and Religion. It will be seen even from this brief outline that his &ldquo;first love&rdquo; had never lost its hold upon him, and that the desire &ldquo;to trace the firm path of through the &rdquo; continued his purpose for life. But and all other concomitants of a that had announced itself for s now began to disturb, not the mental alacrity or the spirits of Bunsen himself, but the hopes of his family and those among his  who had imagined that he would be allowed to complete the works undertaken. Ordered to spend his s in a more genial, he repaired to in 1858 and 1859, not without a lengthened visit to, where he revelled, as in younger days, in the contact with men of learning. In 1860 he purchased a  in, hoping against hope, pushing forward the publication of his Bibel-Werk, and even preparing lectures for students upon those subjects which he had most at heart. But the hand of was upon him. He thanked daily for teaching him how to support  at the close of a life so eminently exempt from bodily suffering. And whenever, in the closing weeks of his existence on, a relaxation of ensued, fervent  flowed from his lips, powerful attestation of his , loving exhortation to those from whom he was soon to be removed. Baron Bunsen died on 28, 1860, and lies buried in the yard of, not far from the  of his early  and benefactor. &ldquo;Let us walk in the light of &rdquo; (Isa. ii. 5) is the text which Baroness Bunsen placed on his. One of his last requests having been that she would write down recollections of their common life, she published his Memoirs in 1868, which contain much of his private correspondence. The of these Memoirs has added extracts from unpublished documents, throwing a new light upon the political events in which he played a part. 's letters to Bunsen were printed in 1869, and published in 1873 a large portion of the correspondence that passed between  and Bunsen. (Author:G. Von Bunsen)  BUNTING, a word of uncertain origin, properly the common English name of the bird called by Linnaeus Emberiza miliaria, but now used in a general sense for all members of the family Emberizidce, which are closely allied to the Finches (Frinyillidte), though, in Professor Parker s opinion, to be easily distinguished therefrom the Emberizidce possessing what none of the Fringillidce do, an additional pair of palatal bones, &quot; palato-maxillaries.&quot; It will probably follow from this diagnosis that some forms of birds, particularly those of the New World, which have hitherto been commonly assigned to the latter, really belong to the former, and among them the genera Cardinal-is and Phrygilus. The additional palatal bones just named are also found in several other peculiarly American families, namely, Tanayridce, Icteridce, and Mniotiltidce whence it may be perhaps inferred that the Emberizidce are of Transatlantic origin. The Buntings generally may be also outwardly distinguished from the Finches by their angular gape, the posterior portion of which is greatly deflected ; and most of the Old-World forms, together with some- of those of the New World, have a bony knob on the palate a swollen out growth of the dentary edges of the bill. Correlated with this peculiarity the maxilla usually has the tomia sinuated, and is generally concave, and smaller and narrower than the mandible, which is also concave to receive the palatal knob. In most other respects the Buntings greatly resemble the Finches, but their eggs are generally distinguishable by the irregular hair-like markings on the shell. In the British Islands by far the commonest species of Bunting is the Yellow Hammer (E. citrinella], but the true Bunting (or Corn-Bunting, or Bunting-Lark, as it is called in some districts) is a very well-known bird, while the Reed-Bunting (E. schcenidus) frequents marshy soils almost to the exclusion of the two former. In certain localities in the south of England the Cirl-Bunting (E. cirlus) is also a resident ; and in winter vast flocks of the Snow-Bunting (Plectrophanes nivalis), at once recognizable by its pointed wings and elongated hind-claws, resort to our shores and open grounds. This last is believed to breed sparingly on the highest mountains of Scotland, but the majority of the examples which visit us come from northern regions, for it is a species which in summer 