Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/216

174 Philippe, has descended another claimant of the throne. Philippe s son was the Regent Orleans, whose great grand son, Philippe Egalite&quot;, perished on the scaffold in 1793. Egalite&quot;s son, Louis Philippe, was king of France from 1830 to 1848; his grandson, Louis Philippe (born 1838), is the present Comte de Paris.

Spanish Branch.—Philippe, due d Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV., became king of Spain as Philip V. in 1700. He was succeeded in 1746 by his son Ferdinand VI., who died in 1 759 without family, and was followed by his brother Charles III. Charles III. s eldest son became Charles IV. of Spain in 1788, while his second son, Fer dinand, was made king of the Two Sicilies in 1759. Charles IV. was deposed by Napoleon, but in 1814 his son, Ferdinand VII., again obtained his throne. Ferdinand was succeeded by his daughter Isabella, who in. 1870 abdicated in favour of her son Alphonso, at present (1876) in possession of the Spanish kingdom. Ferdinand s brother, Don Carlos (died 1855), claimed the throne in 1833 on the ground of the Salic law, and a fierce war raged for some years in the north of Spain. His son Don Carlos, count do Montemolin (born 1818, died 1861) revived the claim, but was defeated and compelled to sign a renunciation. The nephew of the latter, Don Carlos Maria Juan Isidor (born 1848), has been for some years carrying on war in Spain with the object of attaining the rights contended for by the Carlist party.

Neapolitan Branch.—The first Bourbon who wore the crown of Naples was Charles III. of Spain, who on his succession to the Spanish throne in 1759, resigned his kingdom of Naples to his son Ferdinand. Ferdinand was deposed by Napoleon, but afterwards regained his throne, and took the title of Ferdinand I., king of the Two Sicilies. In 1825 he was succeeded by his son Francis, who in turn was succeeded in 1830 by his son Ferdinand II. Ferdinand II. died in 1859, and in the following year his successor Francis II. was deprived of his kingdom, which was in corporated into the gradually-uniting Italy.

Duchies of Lucca and Parma.—In 1748 the duchy of Parma was conferred on Philip, youngest son of Philip V. of Spain. His grandson, Charles Louis Ferdinand, became king of Etruria in 1801, but was deprived of his possessions by the French. In 1847, however, he received the duchies of Parma and Piacenza on the death of his mother, but after two years abdicated in favour of his son, Charles III. Charles III. married the daughter of the due de Berri, and was assassinated in 1854. His son was proclaimed duke, but the territories of Parma and Piacenza were seized by Victor Enmnuel in 1859-60.

1em  BOURBON, an off the east coast of, now known as. See.  BOURBON-L'ARCHAMBAULT (the Aqua Bormonis of the Itineraries), a town of France, in the department of the Allier, on the Burge, 19 miles W. of Moulins. It was anciently the capital of the Bourbonnais, and gave its name to the great Bourbon family. Its mineral waters, both hot and cold, were formerly in high repute. In 1789 it changed its name for that of Burges-les-Bains, but the former designation was afterwards resumed. It contains a Gothic church of the 12th century, and the outer walls and towers of a castle finished by Anne of Beaujeu in the 15 tli. Population in 1872, 2400.  BOURBON-VENDÉE, or, a of, of the  of , now called , which see.  BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, a town of France, in the department of Haute-Marne, in the arrondissement of Langres, and 21 miles E.N.E. of that town. It is much frequented on account of its hot saline springs, which are found on the site of the old Roman baths. The heat of these springs varies from 120 to 156Fahr. The number of visitors is upwards of 800 annually. The principal buildings are a church of the 13th century, the town-house, and the hospital ; there are also the remains of a castle and a priory. The manufacture of beet-root sugar is carried on in the town, and gypsum and alabaster are quarried in the neighbourhood. Population in 1872, 4038.  BOURCHIER,, Lord Berners, born about 1474, was grandson and heir of a lord of the same name, who was descended from Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, and had been knight of the Garter and constable of Windsor Castle. He was educated at Oxford, and was created a Knight of the Bath on the marriage of the duke of York, second son of Edward IV. He was first known by quelling an insurrection in Cornwall and Devonshire, raised by Michael Joseph, a blacksmith, in 1495, which service recommended him to the favour of Henry VII. He was a captain of the pioneers at the siege of Therouanne under Henry VIII., by whom he was made chancellor of the exchequer for life, and lieutenant of Calais and the Marches. He was appointed to conduct Mary, the king s sister, into France on her marriage with Louis XII. , and had the extraordinary fortune of continuing in favour with Henry VIII. for the space of eighteen years. He died at Calais in 1532, aged 65. By king Henry s command lie translated Froissart s Chronicle, which was printed in 1523 and 1525 by Pynson, the scholar of Caxton. His other works consisted of translations from French, Spanish, and Italian novels. These were, the History of the most Nolle Valyaunt Knyght, Arthur of Lytdl Brytayne ; the Famous Exploits of Sir Hugh of Bourdeaux ; the Golden Boke of Marcus Aurclius ; and the Castle of Lone. He composed also a book on the duties of the inhabitants of Calais, and a comedy entitled Ite in Vineam, which used to be acted at Calais after vespers.  BOURDALOUE,, a celebrated preacher, and one of the greatest orators that France has ever produced, was born at Bourges, August 20, 1632. At the age of sixteen he entered the Society of Jesus, of which he was destined to become one of the greatest ornaments, and there com pleted his studies. His able masters, who early discerned his talents, successively confided to him the chairs of humanity, of rhetoric, of philosophy, and of moral theology ; and it was only after passing through these different probationary employments that he arrived at the eminent post which was designed for him, and was deemed qualified for mounting the pulpit. In order to form an idea of the difficulties which he had to surmount, and of the talents which he displayed, it is only necessary, on the one hand, to call to mind the ridiculous manner and inflated style of the preachers of that period ; and on the other, to figure the young Jesuit at issue with the bad taste as well as the bad habits of the time, combating at once the passions, the vices, the weak nesses, and the errors of humanity, and overcoming his enemies, sometimes with the arms of faith, and sometimes with those of reason. At first he preached for some time in the provinces, but his superiors afterwards called him to Paris. This took place in 1669, at the most brilliant epoch of the age of Louis XIV., when nothing was talked of but the victories of Turenne, the festivities of Versailles, the masterpieces of Corneille and Racine, the encouragement afforded to tho arts, and the general impulse given to the human mind. Bourdaloue suddenly appeared in the midst of these fasci- 