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Literature.—Full discussion of some of the topics glanced at in this article must be sought in treatises on individual books or critical problems of the Old and New Testaments. But on most points it svill be sufficient to refer to works on Biblical Introduction. The history of this branch of theology with lists of the principal older books some of which, including the writings of R. Simon, Carpzov, and Eichhorn, are still of value is given in most recent works on the subject. Of these it may be sufficient to mention for the Old Testament De Wette s Einleitmifj, rewritten by Schrader (Berlin, 1.8G9), full of condensed information; Block s posthumous Einleituncj (3d edition, 1870), less complete in detail and now rather behind date, but very clear and instructive; Keil s Einleitun^ (3d edition, 1873), which is strictly conservative. The two last are translated. Kuenen s Historisch-Kritisch Onder- zoek, of which there is a French translation, is very full, but the author has considerably changed his views in the History of t/te Religion of Israel (Haarlem, 180070) of which there is an English translation. Ewald s History of Israel is important, and is also accessible to the English reader ; with it must be taken his books on the Prophets and Poets of tlie Old Covenant. Recent English literature on the Old Testament is not very remarkable, but Dr S. Davidson s Introduction gives a full account of foreign investigations. The history of the Old Testament in the Christian church has been written by L. Diestel (Geschichte des Alien Testamentes, u.s.w., Jena, 18G9). For the New Testament, De Wette, Bleek, and Davidson may again be consulted. A very instructive book is Keuss s Geschichte der Heiligen Schriftcn Neuen Testaments (5th edition, Bruns wick, 1874). The most recent general work proceeding from the Tubingen school is liilgenfeld s llistorisch- Kritische Einleitung in das Ntue Testament (Leipsic, 1875). On the canon there arc several important works by Crcdner in German, and an English History of the Canon of the New Testament, by Dr Westcott (4th edition, 1875). On the text of the New Testament the English reader may con sult Tregelles s volume, contributed to Home s Introduction (1S5G), and Scrivener s Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament (2d edition, 1874). Le Long s Bibliotheca Sacra, continued by Masch (Halle, 1778-1790) gives a full account of editions of the original text and versions, which may be supplemented by reference to Do Bossi s Annales Htbrceo-ti/pographici (XV. Cent., Parma, 1795; MDI. to MDXL., Banna, 1799), and Reuss s Ptilliotheca Novi Testamenti Greed (Brunswick, 1872). Detailed references to other recent books will be found in the works already cited. 