Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 3.djvu/644

626   BHÁGALPUR, a division or commissionersliip of British India, under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, comprising the districts of Bhdgalpur, Monghir, Santdl Pargands, and Purniah, lies between 23 and 27 N. lat., and 85 3 and 89 E. long. It is bounded on the N. by the independent state of Nepdl and the British district of Ddrjiling; on the E. by the districts of Jalpdiguri, Dinajpur, Mdlclah, Murshidabad, and Bfrbhum ; on the S. by the districts of Birbhum, Mdnbhum, and HazaribAgh ; and on the W. by the districts of Gayd, Patnd, and Tirhut. According to the census report of 1872, Bhagalpur division contained an area of 18,685 square miles, with a total population, of 6,613,358 (i.e., 354 to the square mile), in habiting 19,247 villages and 1,801,497 houses. Of this population, 4,925,714, or 74 5 per cent, are Hindus; 1.121,630, or 17 per cent., Mahometans; 2469 Chris tians; 53 Buddhists; 563,492, or 8 5 per cent., of unspeci fied religion, chiefly consisting of aboriginal tribes.

, a district of British India in the division of the same name, under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, situated between 26 35 30&quot; and 24 32 39&quot; N. lat., and 87 33 51&quot; and 86 3 21 32&quot; E. long. It is bounded on the 1ST. by the independent state of Nepdl, on the E. by the districts of Purniah and the Santdl Pargands, on the S. by the Santdl Pargands and Hazarfbdgh, and on the W. by the districts of Monghir and Tirhut. Bhdgalpur is a long and narrow district, divided into two unequal parts by the River Ganges. In the southern portion of the district the scenery in parts of the hill-ranges and the high lands which connect them is very beautiful. The hills are of the primary formation, with fine masses of contorted gneiss. The ground is broken up into picturesque gorges and deep ravines, and the whole is covered with fine forest trees and a rich undergrowth. Within this portion also lie the lowlands of Bhagalpur, fertile, well planted, well watered, and highly cultivated. The country north of the Ganges is level, but beautifully diversified with trees and verdure. Three fine rivers flow through the district the Ganges, Kusi, and Ghagri. The Gauges runs a course of 60 miles through Bhdgalpur, is navigable all the year round, and has an average width of three miles. The Kusi rises in the Himdlayas and falls into the Ganges near Colgong (Kahlgdon), within Bhdgalpur. It is a fine stream, navigable up to the foot of the hills, and re ceives the Ghagri eight miles above its debouchure.

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, the principal town of the district and division of the same name, situated on the right bank of the Ganges, here seven miles wide, in 25 11 N. lat. and 87 E. long. The town is two miles in length and a mile in width, but lies in a low, open valley, and consists of scattered market-places meanly built. Its most interesting objects are two ancient round towers, each about 70 feet high. Adjacent to the town are the two Cleveland monu ments, one erected by Government, and the other by the Hindus, to the memory of the civilian, who, at the end of last century, &quot; by conciliation, confidence, and benevo lence, attempted and accomplished the entire subjection of the lawless and savage inhabitants of the Jungleterry of Rajmahal.&quot; Bhdgalpur is the headquarters of the com missioner of the division and of the judge and collector of the district ; it is also a station of the East Indian Railway. Its Government school was attended by 361 pupils in 1872. In the same year the town contained a population of 69,678 souls, of whom 50,673, or 72 per cent., are Hindus; 18,455, or 26 per cent., Mahometans; 19 were Buddhists, 342 Christians, and 189 unclassified. Municipal income, in 1872, 2951, 6s.; expenditure, 3470, 14s. ; incidence of municipal taxation, 10