Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 3.djvu/314

 caught in great numbers, and is dried and salted for distant markets. The molluscan fauna of the Baltic is chiefly made up of common shells of our own shores, such as Cardium, Mytilus, and Littorina, which can bear an admixture of fresh water, together with several proper fresh-water shells, such as Paludina, Neritina, and Lymncca ; tho marine types, however, being remarkable for their very small size, which is often not above one-third of their usual dimen sions. There is an entire absence, except in the neighbour hood of the straits, of such essentially marine types as Buccinum, Ostrea, Pecten, Patella, and Balamis. It is interesting to remark that the Danish Kjokkenmoddwg contain abundance of oysters, and also of full-sized cockles, mussels, and periwinkles ; from which it may be inferred that even within the human period the outside ocean had freer access to the basin of the Baltic than it has now, probably through what is now the peninsula of Jutland, which seems at no remote period to have been an archipelago.  BALTIMORE, in, one of the largest and most flourishing in the, is situated on the north side of the or Bay, 14 miles above its entrance into the , 37 miles N.E. of , and 100 S.W. of. Lat. 39° 17′ N., long. 76° 36′ W. The natural advantages of this position were long overlooked by the settlers in the vicinity of the ; and it was only in 1729 that they directed their attention to the place, and laid out a plan of the. At that time a part of it was as a, but all the rest was a. For some years its growth was by no means rapid, as it had to contend with all the obstacles that could be thrown in its way by the jealousy of older rivals. From an authentic sketch of Baltimore made in the year 1752, it appears that it then contained about twenty-five s, only four of which were built of, the rest being of a more primitive structure. In 1768 it became the town; and in 1775, according to a  then taken, it contained 564 s, and 5934 inhabitants. From this time it rose rapidly into importance; and in 1780 became a of entry, when a  was opened. Previous to this all s trading to and from the had to be entered, cleared, and registered at. In 1796 it obtained an act of. By the of 1870 Baltimore contained 267,854 inhabitants.



Ground-Plan of Baltimore.

The city is pleasantly situated on slightly undulating ground, and extends about 4½ miles from E. to W., and 3½ from N. to S., covering an of 10,000 s. It is divided into two nearly equal parts by a small stream called Jones's Falls, crossed by a number of bridges. The division east of the falls is nominally subdivided into two parts—Fell's Point and Old Town. The former, the most easterly part of the town, is the principal resort of, and is the place where the and  are principally carried on. The Old Town lies to the N. and W. of this. The portion west of the Falls is likewise divided into two parts, the city proper and Spring Garden. The former is the centre of, and the residence of the more wealthy inhabitants; while the latter, which is the extreme south-western quarter, and the lowest and most unhealthy portion of the city, is inhabited by the poorer classes. Baltimore contains about 200 es, and has three, several s, 122 public schools, a state normal school, a manual labour school, besides numerous private s and , an of  and , an , s, s, , &c., three s, an -house, a , and many fine public s. The most imposing  in the city is the new city hall, one of the finest structures of the kind in the country. It occupies an entire square of ground, an area of about 26,000 square feet, near the centre of the city, and contains the various municipal offices. The style of is the, of which it is a fine specimen. The entire outer facing of the walls, the, and all the ornamental work, are of white ; the inner walls and floors are of , and are -proof. It is four stories high, surmounted by a roof of  and, with a  and  of  on a  base, rising to the height of 240 feet. The interior is very finely finished. It was begun in 1867, and cost about 2,600,000. Another important public building is that of the Peabody Institute, founded by the late, Esq., of , and endowed by him to the amount of 1,400,000. It has provisions for a public, a of , and a  of music, also for s and musical performances. It was in 1857. One wing of the building, which is immediately contiguous to the monument, is completed, and the remainder is in progress. The completed wing is faced and ornamented with white, in a simple but massive and imposing style, and contains the of over 56,000 volumes (1875), and a hall for s, s, &c. The is a spacious building, 225 feet long, by 141 feet wide. The principal room is 53 feet square, and is lighted by a 115 feet above the street. On its four sides are s, the s of which are each a single block of fine. Baltimore has several splendid monuments, which have acquired for it the name of “the Monumental City.” The largest of these, erected to the memory of, stands on an eminence of 150 feet, and has, with its base, an altitude of 200 feet. It is of white ; the base is 50 feet square, and 24 feet in height, surmounted by a 25 feet in diameter at the base, with a spiral staircase in its interior, and on the summit is a statue of, 13 feet high. The “Battle Monument,” also of white, was erected by public subscription in 1815, to the memory of those who had fallen in the previous year. It is 52 feet high; the base is of ian ; the is in the form of a bundle of , upon the bands of which are inscribed the names of those whom it commemorates; and the whole is surmounted by a female figure, the emblematical  of the city. The city 