Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 3.djvu/263

Rh BAJAZET I., sultan of the Turks, commenced to reign in 1389, and died in 1403. The well-known story of the iron cage, in which this monarch was said to have been carried about by his conqueror Timur, has no authority, and probably originated in a mistake as to the word for a litter, in which Bajazet was carried.  BAJAZET II., son of Mahomet II., succeeded his father as sultan in 1481, and died in 1512. See and.  BAJUS, or, a celebrated theologian, was born at Melin in Hainaut in 1513. He distinguished himself highly during his course of study at Louvain, and was quickly promoted to a professorship in the college of that town. In 1549 he took his doctor s degree, and two years later he was appointed regius professor of divinity. On account of his eminence in theological learning ho was selected by the king of Spain to go to the great council at Trent, in the proceedings of which he took a prominent part. His studies having been chiefly directed to Augustine, with whose works he was very familiar, Bajus found that his doctrines on the fundamental points of freewill, predestination, grace, and the sacraments, were in direct opposition to the scholastic theology recog nised as orthodox by the powerful body of the Jesuits. Eighteen propositions, said to be gathered from the works of Bajus and his colleague Hessels, were condemned by the Sorbonne, and a more extensive collection of seventy- six were censured by Pope Pius V. in 1567. This censure, which did not press very heavily on Bajus, who was not indeed mentioned as holding the condemned doctrines, was confirmed by a bull of Gregory XIII. in 1580. Bajus, who was a man of meek and mild temper, quietly made such submission as was requisite under the circumstances, continued to hold his professorship, and even advanced to the dignity of chancellor of the university. He died in 1589, in the 77th year of his age. His principal works have been published in a collected form at Cologne, 1696, 1 vol. 4to, in 2 parts; some large treatises have not been published. The doctrines for which Bajus was censured, and the discussions arising with regard to them, are interesting in connection with the history of Jansen ism, for Jansen did little more than reproduce the Augustinianism of Bajus.  BAJZA,, a distinguished Hungarian poet and critic, was born at Sziicsi in 1804. His earliest contribu tions were made to Kisfaludy s Aurora, a literary paper of which he was editor from 1830 to 1837. He also wrote largely in the Kritische Blatter, the AtJ^enoeum, and the Figyelmezo, or Observer. His criticisms on dramatic art were considered the best of these miscellaneous writings. In 1830 he published translations of some foreign dramas, Auslandische Biihne, and in 1835 a collection of his own poems. In 1837 he was made director of the newly established national theatre at Pesth. He then, for some years, devoted himself to historical writing, and published in succession the Historical Library (Tortereti Kunyvtdr), 6 vols. 1843-45; the Modern Plutarch (Uj Plutarch), 1845-47; and the Universal History (Vtiagtdretet), 1847. These works are to some extent translations from German authors. In 1847 Bajza edited the journal of the opposition, Ellenur, at Leipsic, and- in March 1848 Kossuth made him editor of his paper, Kossuth Hirlapja. In 1850 he was attacked with brain disease, and died in 1858.  BÁKARGANJ, a district of British India in the Dacca division, under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, situated between 23 14 27&quot; and 21 48 N. lat., and 89 55 10&quot; and 91 4 50* E. long. It is bounded on the K by the districts of Dacca and Faridpur, from which it is separated by the Padma and Mainakatlkhal ; on the E. by the Meghna and Shahbazpur rivers, and by the Buy of Bengal, which separates it from NoAkhali and Tipperah ; on the S. by the Bay of Bengal; and on the W. by Jesssr and Farid pur districts. Area, 4935 square miles; population, 2,377,433. The general aspect of the district is that of a flat even country, dotted with clusters of bamboos and bstel-nut trees, and intersected by a perfect network of dark-coloured and sluggish streams. There is not a. hill or hillock in the whole district, but it derives a certain picturesque beauty from its wide expanses of cultivation, and the greenness and freshness of the vegetation. This is especially conspicuous in the rains, but at no time of the year does the district present a dried or burnt-up appear ance. The villages, which are always walled round by groves of bamboos and betel-nut palms, have often a very striking appearance ; and Bakarganj has many beauties of detail which strike a traveller in passing through the country. The level of the country is low, forming as it does a part of the great Gangetic delta ; and the rivers, streams, and water-courses are so numerous that it is very difficult to travel except by boat at any season of the year. Every natural hollow is full of water, around the margin of which long grasses, reeds, and other aquatic plants grow in the greatest profusion, often making it difficult to say where the land ends and where the water begins. Towards the north-west the country is very marshy, and nothing is to be seen for miles but tracts of unreclaimed swamps and rice lands, with a few huts scattered here and there, and raised on mounds of earth. In the south of the district, along the sea face of the Bay of Bengal, lie the forest tracts of the Sundarbans, the habitation of tigers, leopards, and other wild beasts.

