Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 3.djvu/240

224 Mirs established its footing in place of the old one which had become extinct. In 1765 the country was invaded and ravaged by the ruler of Cabul. During the first three decades of the present century it was overrun and depopu lated by Kokan Beg and his son Murad Beg, chiefs of the Kataghan Uzbeks of Kundus. The country was still suffering from these disasters when Wood visited it in 1837. When Murad Beg died, the power passed into the hands of another Uzbek, Mahomet Amir Khan. In 1859 the Kataghan Uzbeks were expelled ; and Mir Jahander Shah, the representative of the modern royal line, was reinstated at Faizabad under the supremacy of the Afghans. In 1867 he was expelled by the Afghans and replaced by the present ruler, Mir Mahomet Shah, and other representatives of the same family. According to the latest accounts the country was reviving from its past misfortunes, and the towns were again rising. Badakh- shan owes part of its prosperity to the baneful traffic in slaves. A strong man is considered a fair exchange for a large dog or horse, and a fine girl for about four horses. The district is of some political interest in connection with the frontier line of Afghanistan, which has recently been the subject of discussion between the Russian and British Governments.

1em  BADALOCCHIO,, surnamed, a painter and engraver, was born at Parma in 1581, and died in 1641 or 1647. He was of the school of Annibale Carracci, by whom he was highly esteemed for design. His principal engravings are the series known as The Bible of Raffaelle, which were executed by him in conjunction with Lanfranc, another pupil of Carracci s. The best of his paintings, which are few in number, are at Parma.  BADEN,, is situated in the S.W. of, between 47° 32′ and 49° 52′ N. undefined, and between 7° 27′ and 9° 50′ E. undefined It is bounded on the N. by and ; W. by , , and ; S. by ; and E. by and part of. At the commencement of the present century Baden was only a, with an area little exceeding 1300 square miles, and a population of 210,000. Since then it has from time to time acquired additional territory, so that its area now amounts to upwards of 5800 square miles, and its population to nearly a million and a half. It consists of a considerable portion of the eastern half of the fertile valley of the, and of the mountains which form its boundary. The mountainous part is by far the most extensive, forming, indeed, nearly 80 per cent. of the whole area. From the in the south to the is a portion of the so-called  or Schwarzwald, which is divided by the valley of the  into two districts of different elevation. To the south of the the mean height is 3100 feet, and the loftiest summit, the, reaches about 4780 feet; while to the north the mean height is only 2100 feet, and the , the culminating point of the whole, does not exceed 4480. To the north of the is the  range, with a mean of 1440 feet, and, in the, an extreme of 1980. Lying between the and the  is the, an independent  group, nearly 10 miles in length and 5 in breadth, the highest point of which is 1760 feet.

The greater part of Baden belongs to the basin of the, which receives upwards of twenty tributaries from the highlands of the duchy alone; a portion of the territory is also watered by the and the. A part, however, of the eastern slope of the belongs to the basin of the, which there takes its rise in a number of mountain streams. Among the numerous s which belong to the duchy are the, , , , , , &c., but none of them are of any size. The, or , belongs partly to and. From 1819 to 1832 Baden was divided into six circles, which were reduced in the latter year to the four following:—The Lake Circle or, the Upper or, the Middle or , and the Lower  or. This division, though still employed, has been legally supplanted by one into the eleven circles of, , , , , , , , , , and. The capital of the duchy is, which in 1871 had a population of 36,582; the other principal towns are (39,614),  (24,599),  (19,988),  (19,801),  (11,559),  (10,083),  (10,052),  (9786), and  (6710). The population is most thickly clustered in the north and in the neighbourhood of the town of. The wealth of Baden is not very great; but the  of, , &c., produce excellent ; there are two  and one of ;  is worked at, , , &c.; and , , , ,  , and  are also obtained in small quantities. washing, at one time extensively carried on along the, is now little practised. is found in abundance, as well as, -, and