Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 24.djvu/884

Rh 834 Z W O Z Y M was not the repetition of the sacrifice of Christ, but the faithful remembrance that that sacrifice had been made once for all ; and his deeper idea of faith, which included in the act of faith a real union and communion of the faithful soul with Christ, really pre served what was also most valuable in the distinctively Lutheran doctrine. His peculiar theological opinions were set aside in Switzerland for the somewhat profounder views of Calvin. The publication of the Zurich Consensus (Consensus Tigurimts) in 1549 marks the adherence of the Swiss to Calvinist theology. Zwingli s most important writings are Von ErMesen und Fnjlieit der Spy sen (April 1522) ; De Canone Missaz Epichiresis (September 1523); Commcntarius de Veraet Falsa Religione (1525); Vom Touf, vom jyiedcrtouf, und vom Klndcrtouf (1525) ; Ein klare Unterrich- tung vom Nachtmal Christi (1526) ; De Providentia Dei (1530) ; and Christianas Fidei JSxpositio (1531). For his theology, compare Seegvvart, Ulrich Zwingli, der Character seiner Theo- logic, 1855 ; especially Hundeshagen, Beitrage zur Kirchenverfassungsgeschichte 11. Kirchenpolitik, 1864 ; Usteri, Ulrich Zwingli, ein Martin Luther ebenbiirtiger Zeuge des evangelischeti Glatibens, 1883 ; and A. Baur, Zwingli s Theologle, ihr ]Verden und ihr System, 1885. For Zwiugli s life, compare Oswald Myconius, De Huldrichi Zwinglii Fortissimi Herois ac The-ologi Doc.tissimi Vita et OUtu, 1532 ; Bullinger, Reformationsge- schichte, 1838 ; Morikofer, UlricU Zwingli, 1867 ; and Stiihelin, Huldreich Zwingli und. sem Rejbrmationswerk, 1884. Stiihelin is also the author of the remarkably good article on Zwingli in Herzog-Plitt s Real-Enoykl,, vol. xvii. (T. M. L.) ZWOLLE, a fortified town of Holland, capital of the province of Overyssel, 55 miles by rail to the north-east of Utrecht, stands on the Zwarte Water, a right-hand tributary of the Yssel, a little above its junction with that river. On the side of the town next the railway station is the Sassen-poort, an old Gothic gateway of brick ; but the town has few other historical monuments of interest. The large Gothic church of St Michael in the market place, begun in 1406, contains a fine organ and a richly carved pulpit. The town has a considerable trade by water, and among its more important industries are shipbuilding, cotton manufacture, dyeing and bleaching, tanning, rope-making, and salt-making. The population in 1887 was 25,005. Zwolle was first fortified in 1223 by the bishop of Utrecht. It afterwards became a free imperial city and a member of the Hanseatic League, and first joined the United Provinces in 1580. Three miles from the town on a gentle eminence stands the monas tery of the Agnetenberg, where Thomas a Kernpis lived for the greater part of his life. Terburg the painter was a native of Zwolle. ZYMOTIC DISEASES (&M, ferment), a term in medicine applied by some authorities to the class of acute infectious maladies. As originally employed by Dr Farr of the British registrar-general s department, the term in cluded the diseases which were &quot; epidemic, endemic, and contagious,&quot; and owed their origin to the presence of some morbific principle in the system acting in a manner ana logous to, although not identical with, the process of fermentation. A very large number of diseases were accordingly included under this designation. The term, however, has come to be restricted in medical nomen clature to the chief fevers and contagious diseases (e.g., typhus and typhoid fevers, smallpox, scarlet fever, measles, erysipelas, cholera, hooping-cough, diphtheria, &c.). Al though the name is held by not a few authorities to be objectionable on account of the theory it suggests, it is still made use of in the registrar-general s classification of diseases. END OF VOLUME TWENTY-FOURTH. PRINTED FOR A. C. BLACK BY NE1LL & CO. AND R. & R. CLARK, EDINBURGH.