Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 24.djvu/741

Rh W U H W U ft 699 species of the germs lynx ; but the so-called /. japonica is specifically indistinguishable from /. torquilla ; while that designated, through a mistake in the locality assigned to it, /. indica, has been found to be identical with the /. pector- alis of South Africa. Near to this is /. _pz^t7inco#ts, dis covered by Einin Pasha in the east of the Bar-el- Djebel (Ibis, 1884, p. 28, pi. iii.). Another distinct African species is the /. sequatonalis, originally described from Abyssinia. The Wrynecks, as already stated (WOOD PECKER, supra, p. G52), form a Subfamily lynyinx of the Picidse, from the more normal groups of which they differ but little in internal structure, but much in coloration and in having the tail-quills flexible, or at least not stiffened to serve as props as in the climbing Picinse. (A. N.) WUHU, or Woo-Hoo, a district city in the province of Gan-hwuy, China, is situated about a mile from the south bank of the Yang-tsze Keaug river, with which it is con nected by a straggling suburb. By the treaty of 1858 it was marked out as one of the treaty ports, but it was not opened to trade until 1877. At first its commercial pro gress was very slow, the neighbourhood of the older ports of Kew-keang and Chin-keang militating against its suc cess ; but of late years there has been a distinct improve ment in the trade of the port, the gross value of which was 1,316,863 in 1885 and 2,011,327 in 1886. The principal exports are rice and silk piece goods, while next in importance come feathers, hides, nutgalls, and tea. For the production of feathers large quantities of ducks are reared in the surrounding districts. Of imports, opium is by far the most considerable item, amounting in 1886 to 779,728 Ib, of the value of 652,223. In the same year 126,093 worth of cotton goods were imported, and 124,014 worth of sugar. Of the minor articles, matches, needles, sandalwood, and window glass form the largest items. During the same period 1088 vessels entered the port (691 British, 362 Chinese). The city, which is one of the largest of its rank in China, was laid desolate during the T ai-p ing rebellion, but it is gradually becoming repeopled. WCJST, a British district in the chief commissionership of Berar, lying between 19 46 and 20 42 N. lat. and between 77 26 and 79 10 E. long., and containing an area of 3907 square miles. It is bounded on the 1ST. and W. by Amraoti and Basina districts, on the S. by the Nizam s Dominions, and on the E. by Wardha and Chanda districts of the Central Provinces. Wuu is a wild hilly country intersected by offshoots from the Ajanta chain of mountains. For the most part the hills in the district are bare, or clothed only with dwarf teak or small jungle; but on the heights near Wiin town the bamboo grows abundantly, and elsewhere small bamboos are found in the ravines. The Wardha and Painganga, which bound the district on the east and south, unite at its south-east corner. The Painganga carries off nearly all the drainage of the district. Wun is rich in coal and iron ores. Of wild animals the tiger, leopard, and hyaina abound; bears, wolves, and jackals are also numerous ; while small game is plentiful in all parts. Thero is a great want of means of communication ; during the rains cart traffic is entirely suspended, the only means of transit at this time of the year being that afforded by water from the Wardha for a short distance. Tho climate is enervating and unhealthy, and the average annual rainfall is about 41 inches. &quot;Vuii district forms part of the territory assigned by the nizam to the British. Government under the treaties of 1853 and 1860. It was undisturbed during the mutiny of 1857. In 1886-87 the gross revenue amounted to 86,174, of which the land contributed 57,391. The population in 1881 was 392,102 (males 201,491, females 190,611); Hindus numbered 335,787, Mohammedans 17,031, Christians 127, and aboriginals 37,252. &quot;VVun, the chief town of the district (population 4207), has some fine temples. . 224. Moun- tains. WURTEMBERG, 1 or WUETTEMBERG, a European king- See dom, forms a tolerably compact mass in the south-west angle of the German empire, of which it is the third factor in point of area and the fourth in point of popu- lation. In the south it is cleft by the long narrow territory of Hohenzollern, belonging to Prussia ; and it encloses six small enclaves of Baden and Hohenzollern, while it owns seven small exclaves within the limits of these two states. It lies between 47 34 48&quot; and 49 35 17&quot; N. lat., and between 8 15 and 10 30 E. long. Its greatest length from north to south is 140 miles; its greatest breadth is 100 miles ; its boundaries, almost entirely arbitrary, have a circuit of 1116 miles; audits total area is 7531 square miles, or about one twenty- eighth of the entire empire. It is bounded on the E. by Bavaria, and on the other three sides by Baden, with the exception of a short distance on the S., where it touches Hohenzollern and the Lake of Constance. For adminis trative purposes the country is divided into the four circles (&quot;kreise&quot;) of the Neckar in the north-west, the Jagst in the north-east, the Black Forest in the south west, and the Danube in the south-east. Wvirtemberg forms part of the South-German tableland, and is hilly rather than mountainous. In fact the undu lating fertile terraces of Upper and Lower Swabia may be taken as the characteristic parts of this agricultural country. The usual estimates return one-fourth of the entire surface as plain,&quot; less than one-third as &quot; moun tainous,&quot; and nearly one-half as &quot; hilly.&quot; The average elevation above the sea-level is 1640 feet; the lowest point is at Bottingen (410 feet), where the Neckar quits the country ; the highest is the Katzenkopf (3775 feet), on the Hornisgrinde, on the western border. The chief mountains are the Black Forest on the west, the Swabian Jura or Rauhe Alb, stretching across the middle of the country from south-west to north-east, and the Adelegg Mountains in the extreme south-east, adjoining the Algau Alps in Bavaria. The Rauhe Alb or Alp slopes gradually down into the plate.iu on its south side, but on the north it is sometimes rugged and steep, and has its line broken by isolated projecting hills. The highest summits are in the south-west, viz., the Lemberg (3326 feet), Ober-Hohenberg (3312 feet), and Plettenberg (3293 feet). In a narrower sense the name Rauhe Alb is re served for the eastern portion only of the Swabian Jura, lying between Hohenzollern and Bavaria ; in the narrowest sense of all it is applied to a single group near Reutlingen. Most of the isolated summits above referred to (none of which are over 2630 feet) project from this eastern section; among them are the hills of Hohenstaufen, Teck, Mossingen, and Hohenzollern. The Black Forest (Germ. Sckwarzwald), a mountain group or Black system deriving its name from the dark foliage of its pine forests, Forest. lies partly in Wiirtemberg and partly in Baden. Its general shape is that of a triangle, its base resting on the Khine between, the Lake of Constance and Basel, and its apex pointing north. It stretches along the east bank of the Rhine from Basel to Durlach, at a distance varying from 4 to 15 miles from the river, and parallel to the Yosges range on the west bank. The south, west, and north faces of the group are rugged and steep, but on the east it loses its mountainous character, and melts so gradually into the bounding plateau that it is difficult to assign it definite limits on that side. The total length of the Black Forest range is 93 miles, its breadth varies from 46 to 13 miles, and its area is 1913 square 1 The origin of the name is disputed, though the once popular derivation from &quot; Wirth am Berg&quot; is universally rejected. Some authorities derive it from an old proper name Wiruto or Wirtino, others from a Celtic place-name Virodunum or Verdunum. Wirteu- berc, Wirtenberg, Wirtemberc are early forms. Wirtemberg was long current, and in the latter half of the 16th century Wiirtemberg and Viirttemberg appear. The last was adopted in 1806 as the official spelling, though Wiirtemberg, the ordinary English spelling, is also common, and occurs sometimes in ollicial documents and even, on coins issued after that date.