Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 22.djvu/267

 L S L 251 term o-oAoiKio-yu-os, " solecism," which has found its way into all the modern languages of Europe. Extensive ruins still mark the site of the town ; the place is now called Mezetlu. SOLICITOR. See ATTORNEY. It should be noticed that by the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1873, 87, all persons admitted as solicitors, attorneys, or proctors of any English court, the j urisdiction of which was transferred by the Act to the High Court of Justice or the Court of Appeal, were thenceforth to be called solicitors of the supreme court. The title of attorney-general, however, still remains as that of the highest law officer of the crown. The Legal Practitioners Act, 1876, and the Solicitors Act, 1877, enabled solicitors to practice as proctors in the eccle- siastical courts (see PROCTOR). The Conveyancing Act, 1881, having made great changes in the practice of con- veyancing, it became necessary to place the remuneration of solicitors upon a new basis. This was done by the Solicitors Remuneration Act, passed on the same day as the Conveyancing Act. It provides for the framing of general orders, fixing the principles of remuneration with reference inter alia to the skill and responsibility involved, not, as was generally the case before, with reference simply to the length of the documents perused or prepared. General orders in pursuance of the Act were issued in 1882. In Scotland solicitors in the supreme court are not, as in England, the only persons entitled to act as law agents. They share the privilege with writers to the signet in the supreme court, with solicitors at law and procurators in the inferior courts. This difference is, however, now of little importance, as by the Law Agents Act, 1873, any person duly admitted a law agent is entitled to practise before any court in Scotland. In the United States the term solicitor is used in some States in the sense which it bore in England before the Judicature Act, viz., a law agent practising before a court of equity. Many of the great public offices in England and the United States have their solicitors. In England the treasury solicitor fills an especially important position. He is responsible for the enforce- ment of payments due to the treasury. The office of queen's proctor is now combined with that of treasury solicitor. Under his powers as queen's proctor the treasury solicitor acts as administrator of the personal estate of an intestate which has lapsed to the crown, and intervenes in cases of divorce where collusion is alleged (see DIVORCE). Since the Prosecution of Offences Act, 1884, he has"also acted as director of public prosecutions. In the United States the office of solicitor to the treasury was created by Act of Congress in 1830. His principal duties are to take measures for protecting the revenue and to deal with lands acquired by the United States by judicial process or vested in them by security for payment of debts. SOLICITOR-GENERAL. See ATTORNEY-GENERAL. The position of the solicitor-general for Scotland in the main corresponds with that of the English solicitor- general. He is next in rank to the lord-advocate. In the United States the office of solicitor-general of the United States was created by Act of Congress in 1870. SOLIMAN, or SULEIMAN, sultan of the Ottomans, surnamed The Magnificent, born about 1490, was the only son of Selim I., whom he succeeded in 1520. He died while he was besieging Sziget in Hungary, on September 5, 1566. See TURKEY. SOLIMAN, or SULEIMAN, shah of Persia. See PERSIA, vol. xviii. p. 639. SOLINGEN, a Prussian town, in the province of the Rhine, stands on a height near the Wupper, 13 miles east- by-south of Diisseldorf. It is one of the chief seats of the German iron and steel industry, its specialty consisting in all kinds of cutting implements of steel. Solingen sword- blades have been celebrated for centuries, and probably form part of the equipment of every modern army, while bayonets, knives, scissors, surgical instruments, files, steel frames, and the like are also produced in enormous quan- tities. These articles are largely made by the workmen at their own homes and supplied to the depots of the large dealers ; there are about 30,000 workers in steel in Solin- gen and its vicinity. The population of the town in 1885 was 18,643, of whom three-fourths were Protestants. Solingen is an ancient place, and received its town charter in 1374. Sword-blades have been made here since the early part of the Middle Ages, and tradition affirms that the art was intro- duced during the crusades by smiths from Damascus. SOLIS, ANTONIO DE (1610-1686), Spanish dramatist and historian, was born in 1610 at Alcala de Henares, and studied law at Salamanca, where he is said to have produced a comedy which was acted in 1627. About 1640 he became secretary to the duke of Oropesa, whom he accompanied in various official missions; in 1654 he became one of the secretaries of Philip IV., and afterwards he was appointed chronicler. In his later years he joined one of the religious orders. He died at Madrid in 1686. Of the nine extant plays of Solis two at least have some place in the history of the drama, El Amor al Uso ("Love a la Mode") having afterwards been adapted by T. Corneille, while La Gitanilla de Madrid (" The Gipsy of Madrid "), itself founded on the " novela " of Cervantes, has been made use of by Rowley and Middleton, P. A. Wolff, and, directly or indirectly, by other more recent authors. The titles of the remaining seven are Triunfos de Amor y Fortuna, Erudice y Orfeo, El A Icazar del Secreto, Las Amazonas, El Doctor Carlino, Un Bobo haze ciento, and Amparar al Enemigo. The Historia de la Cotiquista de Mejico, covering the three years between the appointment of Cortes to command the invading force and the fall of the city, deservedly ranks as a Spanish prose classic. It first appeared in 1684 ; there have been numerous reprints, the most recent being that published with notes by Revilla (Paris, 1858) ; an English translation by Townshend appeared in 1724. A volume of Poesias sagradas y humanas by Solis was published in 1692, and several unimportant letters of his may be read in the Epistolario EspaTwl of Rivadeneyra. SOLOMON (Hebrew rioh&,SMlomo for ShSlomon, "man of peace " ; the English form follows the SoAo/xcoj/ of N.T. and Josephus ; the Latin Salomo agrees with SaAw/*.wj>, one of several variant forms shown in MSS. of the LXX.), son of David by Bathsheba, and his successor in the kingdom of Israel. The reign of Solomon has been sketched in ISRAEL (vol. xiii. p. 405), and his relation to the philosophical and proverbial literature of the Hebrews, the so-called chokma, or "wisdom," has been critically considered in the article PROVERBS. The political system of Solomon fell to pieces at his death, but the fame of his wisdom and splendour in succeeding generations was all the greater that none of his successors at Jerusalem was in a position to rival him. The many floating and frag- mentary notes of various dates that have found a place in the account of his reign in the book of KINGS (q.v.) show how much Hebrew tradition was occupied with the monarch under whom the throne of Israel reached its highest glory ; and that time only magnified in popular imagination the proportions of so striking a figure appears alike in the unfriendly picture of Solomon in the Song of Solomon (originally, it would seem, sketched in the Northern kingdom, however much it may have been retouched and overlaid by additions of later date see CANTICLES) and in the monologue of ECCLESIASTES (q.v.) placed in the mouth of the wise king who had tasted all that life can offer by one of the latest writers of the Old Testament. In the apocryphal book of Wisdom, again, the composi- tion of an Egyptian Hellenist, who from internal evidence is judged to have lived somewhat earlier than Philo, Solomon is introduced uttering words of admonition, imbued with the spirit of Greek philosophers, to heathen sovereigns. The so-called Psalter of Solomon, on the other hand, a collection of Pharisee psalms written in Hebrew soon after the taking of Jerusalem by Pompey, and pre- served to us only in a Greek version, has nothing to do with Solomon or the traditional conception of his person, and seems to owe its name to a transcriber who thus distinguished these newer pieces from the older " Psalms