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 SOCIETIES 227 Ver. Deutscher Ingenieure, Ztschr. (1857) and Woclienschrift (1877, &c.); Ver. /. Eisenbahnkutide ; Akad. des Bauwescns; Architekten-Ver., Ztschr. Bros Urn, I'fi: J. Ges. der Bild. Kunste (186:.'). Constance, Miinsterbau Ver. (1881). Dres- den, Sachs. Ingen.- u, Anhitel.-fn-Ver., l'n>tuk. Hanover, Arch.- u. Inyen.-Ver., Ztschr. Kl*geaait,Berg-'undHutten-Mannischen I'er. Leoben,A'. k. Berg-Akad. Munich, Bayr. Arch.- it. In<jfn.-Vi-i:, /.tn:hr. Prague, Arch.- und Ingen.-Ver. Vienna, Oesterr. Ingen.- u. Arch. -I'er., Ztschr. ; Ges. f. Bild. Kunste. SWITZER- LAND: Lausanne, Soc. Vaudoise ties Ingen. et des Arch. Zurich, I'er. Schweiz. Ingen. u. Arch. ITALY: Turin, Soc. degli Ingeneri, Atti (18(58-70). BELGIUM: Brussels, Assoc. des Ingen. Liege, Assoc. des Ingen. (1S47), Annuaire (1851, &c.). HOLLAND: Amsterdam, Maatschappij tot Beverdering der Bouwkunst, BowwTcun- dige Bijdragen (1843, &c.). The Hague, Kon. Inst. van Ingen., Verslag (1848, &c.), Verhandel. (1848, &c.) and Tijdschr. (1870, &c.). SPAIN and POKTUGAL: Lisbon, Assuc. dos Engenheiros Civ. Port.; Soc. dos Architectos e Archeologos. Madrid, Soc. Central d? Ar^uitcctos. XV. NAVAL AND MILITARY SCIENCE. The Royal United Service Institution, first known as the Naml and Military Library and Museum (1831), took the name of the United Service Institution in 1839, and was incorporated in 1SOO ; it has a professional museum and publishes a Journal (1857, &c.). The home of the society is in London, as is also that of the Institution of Naval Architects (I860), which publishes Transactions (4to, 1860, &c.). The Royal Artillery Institution (1838), which issues Minutes of Proceeding* (1858, &c.), is at Woolwich, and the Royal Engineers Institute (1870), which issues Royal Engineers Professional Papers, at Chatham. CANADA: Toronto, Military Inst. INDIA: Simla, United Service Institution. UNITED STATES: New York, Military Service Inst., Journal (1879, &c.). FRANCE: Paris, Reunion des Officiers, now Cercle Militaire, Hull. (1871, &c.). GERMANY and AUSTRIA -HUNGARY: Munich, Militur. Ges. (1808), Jahrbiich. (1871, &c.); Vienna, K. k. Milit.-Geogr. Inst., Arbeiten (1871, &c.). HOLLAND: Utrecht, Vereen. tot Verspreiding van Kennis aangaande s'Landa -nli-diijinij, Jmirsrerslag (1872 &c.) and Werken. NORWAY: Christiania, MiliUere Samfund, Nordsk Mil it. Tidsskrift (1S4S, kc.). DENMARK : Copenliagen, Krigsi-idenskab- eliye Sclskab, Milit. Tidsskrift(lS~'2, &c.). XVI. AGRICULTURE AND TRADES. The Royal Agricultural Society of England began as the English Agricultural Society in 1838 and was incorporated in 1840. It holds annually one migratory meeting in some part of England or Wales and two meetings in London, where are its head - quarters ; it publishes a Journal (1840, &c.). The leading pro- vincial agricultural societies and associations are Aberdeen, Roy. Northern Ayr. Soc. (1843). Arbroath, Angus Agr. Assoc. Banbury (1834). Basingstoke, Roy. Counties Agr. Soc. (1859). Bath, Bath and West of Engl. Soc. and Smithern Counties Assoc. (founded in 1777, enlarged in 1852, and reorganized in 1800), Letters and Papers (1780-1816) and Journal (1852, &c.). Belfast, Chemico-Agr. Soc. of Ulster (1845), Proc. ; N. E. Agr. Assoc. of Ireland. Birkenhead, Wirrel and Birkenhead Agr. Soc. (1842). Brecknock (1855). Carluke (1833). Chelmsford, Essex Agr. Soc. (1858). Chertsey (1833). Doncaster (1872). Dublin, Roy. Agr. ,Soc. of Ireland (1841). Edinburgh, Highland and Agr. Soc. of Scotland (1784, incorporated in 1787), Tra-ns. (1799, &c.). Halifax (1839, enlarged in 1838). Ipswich, Sufolk Agr. Assoc. (1831). Otley, Wharfedale Agr. Soc. Paisley, Renfrewshire Agr. Soc. (1802). Warwick. Worcester (1838). AFRICA ; Cape Town, Agr. Soc. AUSTRALIA: Sydney, Agr. Soc. of N. S. Wales. BRITISH GUIANA : Georgetown, Roy. Agr. and Commercial Soc. CANADA: Montreal, Soc. d'Agr. INDIA : Calcutta, Agr. and Hortic. Soc., Journ. (1842, &c.). UNITED STATES : Albany, State Agr. Soc. , The Culti vator and Journal. Atlanta, State Agr. Soc. Boston, Inst. of Technology. Hoboken, Stevens Inst. of Technol. Madison, State Agr. Soc., Trans. (1852, &c.). Sacramento, Soc. of Agr. and Hortic. San Francisco, Ag/: and Hort. Soc. Troy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. Worcester, Free Inst. of Industry. FRANCE: Algiers, Soc. d'Agr. (1840), Bull. Amiens, Soc. Industrielle (1861), Bull. Angers, Soc. Industr. et Agr. (1830), Dull. Bordeaux, Soc. d'Agr. Bou- logne, Soc. d'Agr. Caen, Assoc. Normande pour I'Agr., Vlndustrie, &c. (18^1), Annuaire (1835, &c.); Soc. d'Agr. et de Commerce (1702), Mem. (1803-58) and Bull. (1858, &c.). Chalons-sur-Marne, Soc. d'Agr., &c. (1798), Mem. (1807, &c.). Elbeuf, Soc. Industr. (1858), Bull. Grenoble, Soc. d'Agr. et d'Hortic. (1835), Sud- Est (1855, &c.). Le Mans, Soc. du Materiel Agr. (1857), Bull. Lyons. Soc. des .S.;. Industr. (1862), Annales. Montpellier, Soc. d'Agr. (1799), Bull. (1808, kc..). Nancy, Soc. Centr. d'Agr. Paris, Soc. Nat. d'Agr. de France (1761 ; reconstructed in 1878 with a view of instructing Government on agricultural matters), Mini. and Bull. Rheims, Soc. Industr. (1833), Bull. (1858, &c.). Rouen, Soc. Industr. (1872), Bull. ; Soc. du Commerce et de I'Ind. Saint-Jean-d'Angely, Soc. d'Agr. (1819), Bull. (1833, &c.). St Quentin, Soc. Industr. (1868), Bull. Toulouse, Soc. d'Agr. GERMANY and AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: The migratory Congress Deut- scher Volkswirthe first met at Gotha in 1858. Agram, Kroaiisch-Slav. Ixtnd- wirths. Ges., Blatter. Augsburg, Landwirths. Ver., Landw. Blatter. Berlin, Vereinigt. Berlinerkaujleute u. Industr. ; Ver. f. Befdrd. des Gewerbefleisses. Bonn, Landwirthsch. Central-Ver. Bremen, Landwirths. Ver. Breslau, Land- mirths. Central -Ver.; Schles. Central Gewerbe-Ver. Cassel, Landwirths. Central- Ver., Mittheil. Cracow, Akerbau Ges., Annalen. Dantzic, Volkswirths. Ges. (1850). Darmstadt, Landwirths. Ver., Ztschr. Dresden, K. Oekonomie Ges. ; K. Sachs. Polytechnicum. Furth, Gewerbe-Ver. Gratz, K. k. Steiemw Landwirths. Ges. Greifswald, Baltischer Central-Ver. Halle, Landwirths. Cen- tral-Ver. Hanover, Gewerbe-Ver. Innsbruck, A', k. Landwirths. Ges., Wochen- schr. ; Kdrnt. Industrie- u. Gewerbe-Ver. Jena, Landwirths. Inst. Konigsberg, Ostpreuss. Landwirths. Central-Ver. Leipsic, Landivirths. Kreis-Ver.; Polytechn. Ges. Linz, K. k. Landwirths. Ges. Liibeck, Landwirths. Ver., Mittheil. Miihl- liausen, Soc. Industr., Bull. Munich, Ijandwirths. Kreis-Ver. ; Polytechn. Ver. Nuremberg, Polytechn. Ver. Pesth, Ungar. Akerbau Ges., Mittheil. ; Industrielle Ges. Prague, Bohmischer Gewerbe-Ver. ; Industrie Ges., Mittheil. and Annalen. Ratisbon, Landwirths. Kreis-Ver., Bauernfreund. Stuttgart, A'. Wiirttemb. Ccntral-Stelle, Wochenblatt. Trieste, Akerbau Ges. Tubingen, Landwirths. Ver. Vienna, K. k. Reichs Ixindwirths. Ges., Ztschr. Wiesbaden, Gewerbe-Ver. SWIT- ZERLAND: Bern, Oekonom. Ges. Lausanne, Soc. d'Agr. de la Suisse Romande. Zurich, Ver.f. Landwirths. u. Gartenbau. ITALY: Bologna, Soc. A graria, Annali. Cagliari, Soc. Agr. ed Econom. Florence, Soc. Econom. ed Agr., Rendiconti. Milan, Soc. Agr. di Lombardia; Soc. Gen. degli Agricolt. Ital. ; Soc. d'Incoragg. di Arti e Mcstieri, Discorsi. Perugia, Soc. Econom. ed Agr., Atti. Turin, .<4ecad. Ilcale di Agricolt. ; Assoc. Agr. Ital., Esercitazioni. Verona, Accad. ff Agricolt. BELGIUM : Soc. Centr. d'Agricult. (1854), Bull. Ghent, Soc. Roy. d'Agr. et de Bot. Liege, Soc. d'Agr., Journ. (1850, &c.). Verviers, Soc. Industr. et Commerc. (1863), Hull. HOLLAND: Amsterdam, Aardrijskund ig Gvnootschap ; Vereeniging voor Volksvlijt. DENMARK: Copenhagen, A'. Landhuusholdnings Selskab; Det Statist. Tabelvierk. NORWAY: Chri.stiania, Polytekniske Forening. SWEDEN : A'. Lanilt- Iruks Akademien. SPAIN and PORTUGAL: Barcelona, Soc. Econom., Actas. Lisbon, Inst. Real de Agric. ; Soc. Promotora de Industr. Madrid, Soc. Econom. Matritense, Analfs. Oporto, Acad. Polytechn. RUSSIA : Dorpat, K. Livldndische Oekonom. Ges., Jahrbuch. Kazan, Imp. Econom. Soc., Monthly Reports. Moscow, Imp. Soc. of Agriculturalists. Odessa, Imp. Agronom. Soc. of S. Russia. Riga, Technical Soc. St Petersburg, Imp. Econom. Soc., Trans. ; Technical Soc. Rou- MANIA : Bucharest. Soc. Roumaine d'Agr. XVII. LITERATURE, HISTORY, AND ARCHAEOLOGY. The Congres International des Orientalistes first met at Paris in 1873 ; it issue.-; H Rendus (1874, &c.). The Congres Bibliographique International held its lirst meeting in 1878, and the Congres des Americanistes its first meeting in 1 -'lii. The Royal Society of Literature (1823, incorporated in 1826), with Trans- actions (4to, 1829-39; 8vo, 1843, &e.), and the Royal Asiatic Society i with Journal (1834, &c.), have their headquarters in London, as well as (!.< following literary societies and printing clubs, all of which issue publications : ArMotelian (1879), Authors (1884), Ballad (1868), Browning (1881), Carli/le (1879), Chaucer (1808), Early English Text (1864), East India Association (1800), Englisli Dialect -(1873), Gaelic, Hebrew Literature (1872), Hellenic Studies (1879), /(/cx(lS77), Library Association (1877), London Dialectical (1865), Ken- Sha (1873), Oriental Translation Fund (IS'28), Pali Text, Philobiblon(lStt), Philological (1842), Rozburghe Club (1812), Shorthand, Wordsworth (1880), Wycl if (1882). The Cambridge Philological Society, the Glasgow Hunterian Club (1871), the Lancashire and Cheshire historical Society (1828), at Liverpool, tin.- JTatli with Transact ions and Papers (1874, &c.), and the Manx Society (IS5S), at Douglas, may also be mentioned. The oldest and most important society in England dealing with history and archaeology is the Society of Antiquaries of London, which enthusiasts trace to an association founded by Archbishop Parker in 1572. The meetings were not publicly recommenced until 1707 ; the present body was incorporated in 1751 ; it publishes Vetera Monumenta (fol., 1747, &c.), Archfeologia(ito, 1770, &c.), and Proceedings (8vo, 1849, &c.). The Royal Archieological Institute (1843), issuing the Archeeological Journal (1845, &c.) ; the British Archieological Association (1843), with Journal (1846, &c.); the Numismatic Society (1836), issuing the Numismatic Chronicle (1838, &c.) ; and the Royal Historical Society (1868), with Transactions, belong to London, as well as the following historical and anti- quarian societies, all of which issue publications: 'Aru-ndel (1848), Camden (1838), Cymrnrodorion (1751-73, revived in 1820), Dilettanti (1734), Folk Lore (1877), Harleian (1809), Holbein, Huguenot (1885), London and Middlesex Archceol. (1855), Medallists (1SSO), Middlesex County Records (1884), Palxographical, 1'ijm Roll (1883), Rabelais Club (1879), Seal (1883), Soc. Bibl. Archival. (1870), Soc. for Prot. Anc. Buildings (1877), Topographical (1880). The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1790), at Edinburgh, and the Irish Archieology and Celtic Society, at Dublin, are the leading associations outside London. Among others are Aberdeen, New Spalding CTb(1886); Bedfordshire Archieol. and Architect. Soc. (1844); Bristol, Bristol and Gloucester Arch. Soc. (1870); Cambrian Arch. Assoc. (1846) ; Cambridge Antiq. Soc. (1840) ; Dublin, Roy. Hist, and Arch. Soc. ; Durham, Surtees Soc. (1834); Essex Arch. Soc. (1852); Exeter, Diocesan Arch. Soc. (1841); Glasgow Arch. Soc. (1856) ; Kent Arch. Soc. (1857) ; Lane, and Cheshire Antiq. Soc. (1883) ; Manchester, Chetham Soc. (1843) ; Newcastle-on-Tyne Soc. of Antiq. (1813) ; Norwich. Norfolk and Norwich Arch. Soc. (1846) ; Oxford, Architect, and Hist. So>: (1839) and Hist. Soc. (1883); Purbeck Soc. ; Sussex Arch. Soc. (1840); Welshpool, Powys Land Club (1807); and Yorkshire Arch, and Topogr. Assoc. (1863). CANADA: Montreal, Soc. Hist., Mem. (1859, &c.) ; Numism. and Antiq. Soc., Journ. (1872, &c.). Quebec, Lit. and Hist. Soc., Trans. (1837, &c.). Toronto, Lit. and Hist. Soc. CHINA: Hong Kong, Roy. Asiatic Soc. Shanghai, Roy. Asiatic Soc., Journ. (1858, &c.). INDIA: Bombay, Roy. Asiatic Soc. (1841), Journ. (1844, <fec.). Calcutta, Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, Journ. (1832, &c.) and Proc. (1865, &c'.). Colombo, Roy. Asiatic Soc., Journ. (1844, &c.). Singapore, Roy. Asiatic Soc. UNITED STATES: Baltimore, Hist. Soc. Boston, Mass. Hist. Soc., Collections (1792, &c.) and Proc. (1859, &c.) ; New Engl. Hist.-Gen. Soc. (1846), Proc. ; Amer. drienkd Soc. (1843), Journ. (1849, &c.). Brunswick, Hist. Soc. Chicago, Hist. Soc. Concord, Hist. Soc., Coll. (1824, &c.). Hartford, Amer. Philolog. Soc. ; Hist. Soc.., Coll. (1860, &c.). Madison, Hist. Soc., Coll. (1855, &c.). Minneapolis, Hist. Soc., Coll. (1869, &c.). Montpelier, Hist. Soc. of Vermont, Coll. (1869, &c.). New York, Hist. Soc., Coll. (1811, &c.); Genealog. Soc. ; Amer. Library Assoc. (1876), Libr. Journ. Philadelphia, Hist. Soc. , Mem. (1826, &c.) ; Numism. and Arch. Soc. (1865). Portland, Maine Hist. Soc., Coll. (1831, &c.). Providence, Hist. Soc., Coll. (1827, &c.). Richmond, Virg. Hist, and Phil. Soc., Publ. (1874, &c.). St Louis, Missouri Hist. Soc. Savannah, Hist. Soc., Coll. (1840, &c.). Topeka, Hist. Soc., Trans. (1881, &c.). Worcester, Amer. Antiq. Soc.,Proc. and Arch. Amer. (1820.&C.). FRANCE : The Congres Archeologique de la France first met in 1834. Algiers, Soc. Hist. (1856), Revue (1856, &c.). Amiens, Soc. des Antiq. (1836), Mem. (1838, <tc.) and Bull. Angouleme, Soc. Arch, et Hist. (1844), Bull. Bordeaux, Soc. Archeol. (1873). Caen, Soc. des Antiq. de Normandie (1824), Mem. (1825, &c.) and Bull. (1800, &c.) ; Soc. Fran. d'Arch. (1834), Comptes Rend. (1834, &c.) and Bull. Mens. (1835, *c.). Constantine, Soc. Arch. (1852), Recueil. Dijon, Comm. des Antiquites (1830), Mem. (1832, &c.). Limoges, Soc. Hist, et Arch. (lS4b), Bull. Lyons, Soc. Hist., Litt., et Arch. (1807), Mem. (1861, &c.). Montpellier, Soc. Arch., Mem. (1835, &c.). Nancy, Soc. d'Arch. de Lorraine (1848), Mem. (1850, &c.) and Journ. (1852, &c.). Nantes, Soc. Arch. (1845), Bull. (1859, &c.). Orleans, Soc. Arch, et Hist. (1849), Mem. (1851, <fec.) and Bull. Paris, Soc. Nat. des Antiq. de Fr. (based on the Academie Celtiyue), Mem. (1817, &c.) and Bull. (1857, &c.) ; Soc. de I' Hist, de France (1833), has published about 270 vols. ; Soc. de TEcole Nat. des Chartes (1854), Eibliotheque ; Soc. Asiatique (1822), Journal Asiat. (1822, ic.), &c. ; Soc. Fran. d'Arch. et de Numism. ; Soc. de I'Hist. du Prot. Fran. ; Soc. de Linguistique ; Soc. Bibliogr. (1868), I'olybiblion. Poitiers, Soc. des Antiq. (1834), Mem. Rouen, Soc. de I'Hist. de Norm. (1869), Publ. Toulouse, Soc. Arch. (1831), Mem. Tours, Soc. Arch. (1840), Mem. (1842, &c.). GERMANY and AUSTRIA- HUNGARY: Gesam. Ver. d. D. Gesch. u. Alt. Vereine (1852). Agram. Ges. /. Siid- Slav. Alterth. Altenburg, Gesc/i. u. Alterthums Ges. (1838), Mittheil. (1841, &c.). Augsburg, Hist. Ver. (1820, reorganized in 1834), Jahresber. (1835, &c.). Baden, Alterthums-Ver. (1844), Schriften. Bamberg, Hist. Ver. (1830), Ber. (1834, &c.). Berlin, Ver. f. Gesch. d. Mark Brandenb. (1836), Forschungen (1 841, &c.) ; Ver. f. d. Gcsch. Berlins (1865), Schriften ; Hist. Ges. (1872), Mittheil. ; Archaolog. Ges. (1841), ArchAol. Zeitung; Numism. Ges. (1843), Jahresber. (1845, &c.), Herold (1869); Phil. Ges. (1843), Der Gedanke (1861, &c.) ; Ges. f. D. Philologie (1877), Jahresber. (1879, &c.). Bonn, Ver. f. Alterth. (1841), Jahresber. ; Soc. PhilologaQSM). Bran- denburg, Hist. Ver. (186S), Jahresber. (1870, &c.). Braunsberg. Hist. Ver. (1856), Ztschr. (1858, &c.). Breslau, Ver. f. Gesch. u. Alt. Schl. (1846), Ztschr. (1856, &c.); Breslauer Dichterschule (I860). Cassel, Ver.f. Hess. Gesch. (1834), Ztschr. (1837, &c.). Cologne, Hist. Ver. (1854), Annalen (1855, &c.). Darmstadt, Hist. Ver. (1834), Archiv (1835, &c.). Dresden, K. Sachs. Alt. Ver. (1S24), Jahresber. (1835, &c.) and Mitthfil. (1835, &c.). Frankfort, Ges. /. Deutschlands alt. Gcschichts- kunde (1819; since 1875 under guidance of Central-Dir. d. Man. Germ.), Mon. Germ. (1826, &c.); Ges. f. Gesch. v. Kunst(IS3~), Mittheil. (1858, &c.); Freics D. Hochstifl in Goethe's Vaterhaus (1859). Halle, Thiir.-Sachs. Ver. (1819), Mittheil. (1822, &c.); D. Morgenl. Ges. (1844), Ztschr. (1847, &c.) and AbhandL (1859, &c.). Hanover, Hist. Ver. (1835), Ztschr. Kiel, Ges. /. Gesch. Schl.-Holst. (1833, re- organized in 1873), Archiv (1833, &c.)and Ztschr. (1870, &c.). Leipsic, D. Ges :. Erforschung raterl. &pr. u. Alterth. (1697, reorganized in 1S24), Jahresber. (1825, &c.) and Mittheil. (1856, &c.); Fiirstlich Jablonou-Jci's Ges. (1708), Ada (1772 &c.); Ge, Gesch. Ratisbon, Hist. Ver. (1830), Verhandl. (1832, &e.). Sclnverin. V<:,: /. Meckl. Gesch. u. Alterthumsk. (1835), Jahrbuch (1SUO, &c.) and other publications.