Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 21.djvu/629

Rh SEAMANSHIP 603 GLOSSARY.I A.B., " able-bodied," signifies a trained seaman. Abaft (prep, and adv.), rela tively nearer the stern. Abeam, in a direction abreast the ship. About ship, to tack or turn head to wind. Accommodation-ladder, a flight of steps over the side, suitable for ladies. Adrift, severed from all security. Aft, towards the stern. Arming the lead, placing tallow in the cavity at the end to bring up specimens from the bottom. Astern, behind ; to pass astern is to go behind. Athimrt, across; as across the bows. Avast (as in the expressions, "Avasl there," "Avast heaving"), stop. Back and fill, a mode of drifting safely with the tide, against the wind. Back a sail, to let the wind press it the reverse way. Backstay, a support at the side and abaft an upper mast. Sale-slings, a long strap of rope for hoisting packages. Ballast, anything earned for the sake of its weight. Banyan-day, formerly a fast-day on which oatmeal was issued in lieu of meat. Bare poles, at sea without any sail set. Barrica, a small cask for water in boats. Batten down, to cover the hatchways with canvas secured with battens, in order to ex- clude the sea. Beam, the extreme width. Beam-ends, & ship is on her beam- ends when inclining over at a right angle. Bear a hand, make haste. Bear away and bear up, steer farther from the wind. Bearing, direction ; down to her bear- ings, a point in the inclination of a good ship at which she resists going further. Ticket, a rope eye to receive a knot or toggle. Bees, strong projections bolted on each side the bowsprit. Belay, to secure a rope by turns round a belaying pin or cleat. Bells, one sound is made for each half-hour from setting the watch (see "watch"). Belly, in a mast, a curve with the convex side aft. B''lly-band, a broad strip of canvas across the middle of a sail, to strengthen it. Belly-stay, a rope from the centre of the mast led forward. Bend, sails are said to be bent to the yards ; a kink formed in a hemp cable when stowing it ; to make fast anything ; to bend on. Bentick shrouds, formerly used to assist the fitttock shrouds and set up on deck. Berth, the situation of a ship or other thing. Between witut and water, at the water's edge. Bight, a loop formed by a rope. Bilge, a gutter nearly the length of the bottom of the ship ; hence bilge-water. Binnacle, a box for the compass Bite, the anchor bites when it hooks the ground. Bitts, a rack with sheaves and pins ; cross timbers or iron to secure the cable. Block, a shell of wood or metal containing one or more sheaves. Blue water, clear of the English Channel ; at a distance from shore. Bluff, broad, as applied to the bows. Boarding-netting, a rope net to exclude an enemy. BOMUM, strong ropes or chains to keep the bowsprit down. Bold shore, that which has deep water close to it. Bolsters, soft wood and canvas under the eyes of the rigging. Bolt-rope, a superior description, made of fine yarn, used for roping sails. Bonnet, an addition to a try-sail (or other sail), attached by a row of beckets rove through each other. Boom-irons, supports for studding- sail-booms. Booms, spare spars (indefinitely). Both sheets aft, running before the wind. Bower anchors, the two principal anchors for use. Bowline, a rope to bow the leech of the sail forward ; boieline-bridle, a span for the same ; to . sail on a bowline, to sail close to the wind. Bowse, a violent pull. Box, or braced abox, the head-yards crossed the reverse way of the after-yards ; box her off, to force her bow from the wind. Box-hauling, letting the ship come to the wind, hauling round all the yards, making a stern-board, and wearing. Brace to or by, to bring the yards back a little, to make them shake or nearly so. Brace up, to place the yards as far forward as they will go. Brail up, to take in a sail by means of brails. Break bulk, to commence discharging cargo. Break her sheer, to pass the wrong side of her anchor. Breast-fast, a security at right angles to the side. Bridle, two parts of cable from the hawse to a mooring. Bring by the lee, to fall off till the wind, after crossing the stern, backs the sails. Bring to, either to anchor or to stop by backing a sail ; to connect the cable with the capstan, or a tackle to a rope. Broaching to, coining to the wind against the helm. Broadside, the whole side ; the dis- charge of every gun on one side. Broadside on, the flat side against anything. Broken-backed, a state caused by weakness or strain, when the centre sinks un- duly (see " hogged "). Bucklers, shutters and bars to secure the hawse-holes at sea. Bulk, the cargo is stowed in bulk when without sacks or packages. Bull- rope, a rope from the .jibboom to keep a buoy or boat from the bows. Bull's- eye, a wooden fair lead or a round thick piece of glass. Bumpkin, a short spar projecting from each bow, to which the fore-tack is hauled down ; it is sup- ported by bumpkin shrouds. Bunt, the centre part of a square sail when furleiL Bunt-lines, ropes from the foot of a sail by which to haul it up. Buoy-rope, the rope between the crown of the anchor and the buoy. Burton, a Ion] not so as to shake. By the board, overboard entirely, as a mast going ove'r the side. By the head or stern, drawing more water forward or aft. Cable-laid, the designation of nine-stranded rope. Caboose, a cook-house on deck. Cant, to turn over. Cap, a large piece of elm fitted on the top of a mast by a square hole, with a round hole for an upper mast to slide through ; with iron masts the cap is of iron. Capshore, a support to the fore-part of a lower cap. Capstan, a drum on a vertical spindle for heaving heavy weights. Careen to heel over bottom out of water for repairs. Cast off, to let go. Cat-block and cat-fall, used in hoisting the anchor. Catharpin legs, short ropes connecting the lower parts of the futtock shrouds. Cat-head, timber-head projecting from the bow on which to hang the anchor. Cat's-paw, a slight puff of wind a means mi-pump, wnicn oy an endless chain and valves produces i continuous flow. Channels or chains, projections from the ship's side to spread gging. Chock-a-block or block and block, when the blocks of a tackle meet together. Choke-a-lu/, to pass turns of spun-yarn round both parts of the fall to prevent their moving when let go. Cleat, a piece of beech with two horns jr belaying ropes ; a piece of wood nailed to secure a thing from slipping. Clew-garnet, for hauling up the clew of a course. Cleu>-line, the rope which Mauls up the clew. Clew of a sail, the corner to which the sheet is attached ews, an arrangement of small lines called knittles for hanging cots and ham- icks. LUnch, the inner end of a cable; also a mode of fastening a hemp cable to an anchor, and for other purposes. Clubbing, dredging, or driving, each word implies dropping with the tide, while the ship is governed by the t ,,_ -i,. / ."w^. ww^tfr^mni a, ^uivcvi uai LU squeeze tn ciiam cable against a beam as a stopper. Conning, directing the helmsman. Mr, the angle of the stern on either side. Courses, fore-sail and main-sail of 1 See also the explanation to fig. 35 at p W4. keep down the heel of the jibboom. Crutch, an iron rest for a boom ; a metal swivel for an oar to work in. Cut and run, to cut the cable and go in haste Davit, a derrick of wood or iron to lift a weight. Deaden her way, to retard progress. Dead-eye, a clump of wood with three holes, without sheaves an iron frame for setting up rigging. Derrick, a single spar held by guys to lift a . -, 8 P.M. ; figuratively, a short time. Dowse, to lower a sail; put out a li<*ht _ _._ -ill *, O "ww *^, wwwvmgi vituggiiic Uiic BUVUVJ unavoidably in a gale; dropping intentionally with the tide and very little cable .Drop astern, to fall behind. Drop of a sail, the distance the foot is from the yard. Dunnage, firewood or valueless things placed under the cargo Sanyo, the upper corners of a square sail ; the ropes by which they are secured to the yard. Ease her, in steamers, go slow. Ease off, to slacken a rope. base the helm, move it back towards midships. Edge away, to steer farther from the wind, or obliquely from a ship. Edge in with, to steer obliquely towards something. Elbow, an angle formed by two cables or ropes. Embrail to brail up (obsolete). End for end, changing a half- worn rope, substituting a strong part for a weak. End on, in a direct line with the length of the ship Estivador or stevedore, a man who stows holds but does not go to sea Even keel, when a ship draws as much water forward as aft. Fag-end, the end of a rope unlaid ; refuse. Fair-way, the free passage to a harbour. Fair wind, a wind which allows a ship to steer direct for her destination. Fake, one circle of a coil of rope. Fake down, to arrange a rope to and fro clear for running. Fall, of a tackle, the part which is hauled upon falling off, when the change of wind obliges the ship to deviate farther from her course. False keel, an addition to the main keel, not vital to the strength ot the ship. Fetch way, to move through being insecure. Fid, a piece of wood or iron to key up a mast or keep out a cutter's bowsprit ; a wooden cone used by riggers. Fill, to place the sails to the wind so as to propel the ship forward fish, a. piece of wood or iron secured to a weak mast or yard to strengthen it fish-davit, a derrick for hoisting the flukes of an anchor ; hence fish-block fish- hook, fish-fall. Flat aft, when the sheet of a sail is as taut as it can be flatten in is the order to produce that effect. Flaw of wind, wind sudden and un- stable in force and direction. Fleet, to rearrange a purchase for another pulL flemish horse, a foot-rope at the yard-arm for men to stand on. Flotilla, a fleet of small vessels. Flowing sheet, the sheet eased off to a fair wind. Flush level. Flush-decked, having neither poop nor forecastle. Foot-ro])es, ropes on the yards, the jibboom, and the flying-jibboom for men to stand upon. Fore and aft, from one end to the other lengthways of the ship. Fore-and-aft sails those not set on yards, therefore capable of being placed in a line with the keel forecastle, the front part of the upper deck, but more correctly the deck built over that part ; top-gallant forecastle, a short piece of deck open beneath For peak, under the front part of the deck ; the forward extremity. Fore reach t np : ropes below each top. Gammoning, a strong lashing of rope or chain to secure the bowsprit down to the head knee. Gangboard, a plank with battens for people to walk upon Gangway, the narrow deck between the quarter-deck and forecastle ; the en- trance to a ship ; any passage kept clear. Gaskets, bands of platted rope-yarns to secure the sails when furled. Gird-lines, ropes which are on a mast when it to support a studding-sail-boom. Goose-wings, Ihe parts of a course which are exposed to the wind when confined by clew-garnets and bunt-lines only. Graft, to cover a rope with fine line in an ornamental manner. Griping, coming up to the wind against the helm. Ground-tackle, anchors, cables, and all con- nected with them. Grow, a term applied to the direction of the cable when t is being hove in. Grummet, a rope ring made by a strand. Gudgeon that part of the hanging of a rudder which is bolted to the stern-post. Guess- warp, a rope stretched taut to haul something to and fro upon. Gunnel or gunwale, the highest part of the bulwark. Guys, ropes to keep a spar or other thing in the desired position. Gybe, to let a fore-and-aft sail shift from one side to the other when nearly before the wind. Halyards, ropes exclusively for hoisting sails. Hand over hand, to pull with one hand after the other ; figuratively, done quickly. Handsomely, an in- junction signifying slow motion ; with care. Handy billy, a small axe kept on deck. Hard down and hard-a-lee, position of the helm, the reverse of hard-a- weather and hard up. Haul on board, the usual order for hauling down the main-tack. Haul up, altering the course more towards the wind. Hawse-holes, the openings in the bows through which the cables pass, the iron lining is the hawse-pipe ; a large piece of wood which stops the hole at sea is the hawse- plug ; open hawse, when the cables are clear of each other ; a cross, when the ship has swung half round ; an elbow, when once round ; a round turn, when twice round ; in the hawse, in the space close ahead. Hawser, a large rope for moving a ship, now frequently of steel wire. Head-sails, the flying-jib, jib, and fore-top-mast stay-sail. Head sea, when the waves run contrary to the course though the wind may not be so. Headway, motion in the direction of the vessel's head. Heart, a block of hard wood, which takes a large rope round it and many turns of a lanyard through it. Heave down, to careen for repairs. Heave in stays, to come up in the wind for tacking. Heave short, to heave in the cable to a short scope. Heave the lead, to cast the lead to ascertain the depth. Heave the log, to throw the log over to test the speed. Heel, the lower part of a nast, spar, rudder, or stern-post. Heel chain, from the bowsprit cap to keep the jib-boom out. Helm's a-lee, a word of command implying that the helm is down. Hog, to scrub or scrape the bottom. Hogged, applied to a vessel when trough weakness the bow and stern droop, so that the profile is that of a hog's jack (see " broken-backed "). Home, when sheets are close down to the yard they are home ; when an anchor is hove upon and draws through the ground t is said to come home. Hoops, broad wooden bands used with gaff-sails and wind-sails. Horse, a bar upon which the fore or main sheet blocks of small lousing, of a mast, the part below the upper-deck. Hove to, an abbreviation of hove to the wind, to bow the sea ; to stop. Hulk, an old vessel without masts. full, the body of the vessel exclusive of masts and rigging. Hull-down, so far distant that the hull is below the horizon. Inboard, any place within the ship. In irons, when the sails are so badly arranged that the vessel will not obey the helm. In tht wind, too close, the ails flapping. Jack-stay, a tight rope to which others are made fast. Jacob's ladder, a rope
 * essels run. Hounds, large cheeks on a mast to support the trestle - trees.