Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 21.djvu/326

306  1em  SARATOGA SPRINGS, a of the, whose, apart from any charm of situation, have rendered it one of the most fashionable of resorts. It lies in the east of, , 186  by  north of  , on a level  in the  of the , not far from the junction of  with the  discharging from Saratoga. The number and size of its (some of which are among the largest in the  and can accommodate upwards of 1000 guests) and the large influx of wealthy and fashionable visitors, bringing its  up to 30,000, render Saratoga Springs anything rather than a “.” Its resident inhabitants even numbered 8421 in  and the  contained 10,820. There are, , , , and , a large -, a  and other al institutions, a  , a circular , and numerous private s. Congress  was laid out in –. In and  the  of the Saratoga   attracts the best patronage of the.



1em  SARÁWAK, a territory in the north-west of Borneo, which, reclaimed from piracy and barbarism by the energy of (), was converted into an independent and prosperous state. With an area estimated at from 35,000 to 40,000 square, it has a population of about 250,000. The coast extends from Tanjong Datu, a prominent cape in 2° 3′N. lat., northwards to the frontier of Brunei in 3° 10′—a distance in a straight line of about 280, but, following the sinuosities, about 400. Inland the boundaries towards the Dutch territory are hypothetically determined by the line of watershed between the streams, flowing north-west and those flowing east-south-east and south-west, but the frontier districts are to a considerable extent unexplored. Towards the coast there are tracts of low alluvial land; and some of the rivers reach the sea by deltas out of all proportion to the length of their course. The surface of the country soon, however, begins to rise and to be diversified with irregular hills, sometimes of rounded sandstone, sometimes of picturesque and rugged limestone. The Bongo Hills, in the residency of Saráwak, are about 3000 high; and along the frontier, where the Seraung Mountains, the Klinkong Mountains, the Batang Lupar Mountains, &c., are supposed to form more or less continuous ranges, there are altitudes of from 4000 to 8000. In some of the limestone mountains there are caves of enormous extent (a detailed account will be found in Boyle, Adventures among the Dyaks of Borneo, 1865). The Rejang is the largest river in Saráwak. Its sources are only 120 or 130 directly inland near Mount Lawi, Mount Marud (8000 ), and Gura Peak; but it flows obliquely south-west for 350, and the principal branches of its delta (the Eyan river and the Rejang proper) embrace a territory of 1600 square  with a coast-line of 60. In their upper course the headwaters have a rapid descent, and none of them are navigable above Balleh where the Rejang is deflected westward by the accession of the Balleh river. Left-hand tributaries from a low line of hills to the south—the Katibas, Nymah, Kanowit, and Kajulan rivers—continue to swell the main stream; but there are no tributaries of any importance from the right hand, the country in that direction being drained directly seawards by a number of short rivers—the Oya, Mukah, Balinean, Tatau, and Bintulu,—of which the first three rise in the Ulat-Bulu Hills (3600 ). At the apex of the Rejang delta lies the village and government of Sibu, and at the mouth of the Rejang branch is the important village and shipping-port of Rejang. Passing over the small river basins of the Kalukah and the Saribas we reach the Batang Lupar, which ranks next to the Rejang, and is navigable for large vessels as far as Lingga, about 30 from its mouth—the bar having 3 s water at high tide. The value of the navigable portion of the Batang Lupar is, however, greatly lessened by the formidable bores to which it is subject; they begin about three before full moon and change, and last about three, rushing up the river with a crest about 6  high for a distance of 60. In several of the other rivers a similar phenomenon is observed. The broad mouth of the Batang Lupar opens in the angle where the coast, which has run nearly north and south from the delta of the Rejang, turns 