Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 20.djvu/245

Rh RAILWAY 227 Railway, 13 miles long, has the honour of standing at the foot of the list, having cost 6474 per mile. Of the Scottish lines the Caledonian system stands at the head of the list, costing 45,500 per mile. The North British system cost 33, 000 per mile. At the foot of the list stood the original East of Fife line, 7 miles long, with a cost of 4351 per mile. But the cheapest lines of considerable length are the Forth and Clyde line, costing 5525 per mile, and the Peebles line, costing 5545 per mile. Both these lines have been taken into the North British system. In Ireland the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, 8 miles long, a suburban railway, cost 53,000 per mile. The original Limerick and Foynes line, costing 5282 per mile, is probably the cheapest piece of railway in the United Kingdom. The proportions of expenditure on capital account cannot in the absence of data be exactly determined. The following may be accepted as an approximate analysis of the average cost of the rail- ways, as it stood in 1871 : Per Per mile. cent. Law anil parliamentary expenses .................... 2,000 or 5 J Land and compensation .............................. 7,000 191 Works of construction and stations complete .......... 18,000 ,, 50" Locomotive and carrying stock ...................... 3,000 8 Interest on stock, discounts, bonuses, dividends from capital, contingencies, &c ............. . ........... 6,000 ,, 17 30,000 100 From this estimate it would appear that the net cost of construc- tion and equipment was 21,000 per mile, or about 58 per cent. !LK f of the entire cost. The capital cost of the working stock is given 'or .ig by the London and North-Western Railway Company. Excluding t<>c a considerable number of engines and carrying stock which had been constructed as duplicate stock charged to revenue, no doubt at 31st December 1884 the quantities and costs were as follows : 51,847 waggon stock .................. 3,320,322 (04 ). Total .................. 8,390,818 It is to be explained with reference to these low rates of cost that the original cost of the early working stock stands unaltered in the books of the company, whilst the whole of the original working stock has been replaced at the charge of revenue by engines and vehicles of modern design and larger capacity. Divided by the number of miles (1793) open at 31st December 1884, the total charge for working stock is at the rate of 4680 per mile open. For new working stock manufactured by the same company dur- ing the eighteen months ending 31st December 1884 the following average sums were charged to capital : 31 locomotives with tenders or tank-engines .............. 1100 each. 22 1 .} vehicles, carriage stock .............................. 385 2102 vehicles, waggon stock .............................. 59 Working or Rolling Stock. The working or rolling stock of railways consists of locomotives with their tenders, passenger carriages, horse-boxes, carriage trucks, travelling post-offices with their tenders and vans, goods waggons, covered goods waggons, cattle trucks, coke and coal waggons, timber trucks, ballast waggons, and goods brake vans. Table III. (below) shows that in England and Wales there is nearly one locomotive per mile of line open, or for the United Kingdom three engines for every 4 miles. The greatest waggon stock per mile open is to be found in Scotland nearly thirty-one per mile. The proportions of vehicles for traffic of all classes for each locomotive averaged at the end of the year 1883 : England and Wales .................. 31 '1 vehicles per engine. Scotland ............................ 517 ,, Ireland ............................ 24'fi ,, Total .................. 33-9 ,, The excessive proportion of fifty-two vehicles per engine in Scot- land corresponds to the comparatively excessive number of train miles with goods and minerals, which are 20 per cent, more than the passenger-train miles, whilst in England they are 8 per cent. less, and in Ireland more than 50 per cent. less. The various proportions of rolling stock for twenty-one leading British railways (31st December 1883) are exhibited in detail in Table IV., arranged in the order of the numerical proportions which the carrying stock for traffic bears to the locomotive stock : Railway. Miles open. Loco- motives. Carriage Stock. G. OM tti o & Carriage and Waggon Stocks. ENGLAND AND WALES. Metropolitan Miles. 22 18 12 160 721 370 1793 403 1049 2268 314 768 494 1381 1534 330 997 867 425 478 503 En- gines. 60 42 86 168 471 325 2451 410 615 1577 505 733 832 1629 1462 290 573 690 100 160 127 Vehi- cles. 241 296 610 972 2467 2047 6092 2817 2960 4508 781 2086 2495 3856 2739 886 1354 1630 298 344 468 Vehi- cles. 59 19 394 1,967 6,964 4,798 47,518 7,078 11,957 34,794 12,434 17,384 20,223 61,532 76,369 11,289 32,465 43,253 1,921 3,345 2,807 Vehi- cles. 300 315 1,004 2,939 9,431 6,845 53,610 9,895 14,917 39,302 13,215 19,450 22,718 65,388 79,108 12,175 33,819 44,883 2,219 3,689 3,275 Per en- gine. 5-0 7-0 11-7 17-5 20-0 21-1 21-9 24-1 24-3 24-9 26-2 265 27-3 40-1 54-1 42-0 59-0 65-0 22-1 23-1 25-8 Per mile open 13-6 17-5 83-7 187 13 1 18-5 29-9 24-5 14-2 17-3 42-1 25-3 46-0 47-3 51-6 36-9 33-9 51-8 5-2 7-9 6-5 Metropolitan District North London London, Chatham, and Dover London and South-Western. . South-Eastern London and North-Western. . London, Brighton, and South Coast Great Eastern Great Western Manchester, Sheffield, and Lin- colnshire Great Northern Lancashire and Yorkshire Midland North-Eastern SCOTLAND. Glasgow and South-Western. . North British Caledonian IRELAND. Midland Great Western Great Southern and Western. . Great Northern Here the number of vehicles varies from 5 per engine on the Metro- politan Railway, 7 on the District Railway, and 117 on the North London Railway all of these specially passenger lines of dense traffic to 54 per engine on the North-Eastern Railway, 59 on the North British Railway, and 65 on the Caledonian Railway all these being specially lines of mineral traffic. Train Miles Run, 1883. The number of miles run by passenger Train and goods and mineral trains, and the number run by mixed trains, miles are as follows (Table V.) : run. Country. Passenger. Goods and Minerals. Mixed. Total. Train Miles. Per aver- age mile open Train Miles. Pei- aver- age mile open Train Miles. Per aver- age mile open Train Miles. Per aver- age mile open England and Wales Scotland. . Ireland. . Total .... Total, pei- eent. . . 117,406,242 13,243,827 7,526,871 8940 4486 3030 108,446,732 15,933,637 3,602,884 8258 5397 1450 498,415 1,632,851 605,777 38 553 246 226,351,389 30,810,315 11,735,532 17,236 10,430 4,726 138,176,940 51-1 7442 127,983,253 47-6 6893 2,737,043 1-0 147 268,897,236 100 14,482 The mixed-train miles constitute just 1 per cent, of the total number, and the mileages run by passenger and goods trains are nearly equal. On an average each mile of way was traversed forty times a day. Taking the means of the numbers of engines for the end of 1882 and the end of 1883 as the average number during the year, the train miles run per locomotive are as follows (Table VI. ) : 1883. Average Number of Engines. Train Miles per Engine. England a Scotland. nd Wales 11,996 1,678 626 18,863 18,361 18,747 Ireland. Total 14,300 18,805 An engine when actually on duty may accomplish 120 train miles TABLE III. Summary of the (Quantities of Working Stock at the end of the Year 1883. Country. Locomotives. Passenger Carriages. Other Vehicles attached to Passenger Trains. Total Pass- enger-Train Stock. Waggons and Trucks for Live Stock, Miner- als, and Mer- chandise. Total Pass- enger, Goods, and Mineral Train Stock. Other Vehicles, as Ballast Waggons, &c. Total No. of Vehicles for Passengers, Goods, Ballast, &C, Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. Num- ber. Per mile open. England and Wales . 12,144 1,693 632 92 57 25 27,274 3,591 1,439 2-06 1-21 57 10,133 1,269 622 77 43 25 37,407 4,860 2,061 2-83 1-64 82 329,622 91,444 13,195 24-94 30-85 5-27 367,029 96,304 15,256 27-77 32-49 6-09 10,609 1,166 297 80 39 12 377,638 97,470 15,553 28-57 32-88 6-21 80-28 Scotland Ireland .... Total 14,469 77 32,304 1-73 12,024 64 44,328 2-37 434,261 23-24 478,589 j 25-01 12,072 65 490,661