Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 2.djvu/517

Rh IXDEX.] A R C H I T C T U R E 459 Sulamanca cathedrals, 433. Sallust s mansion, 419. Santiago, Spain, church at, 432. Saracenic architecture, 445-48. Saxon architecture, 422, 42j. Scaliger s monument, Verona, 456. Scipio s sarcophagus, 419. Scottish ecclesiastical architec ture, 428. Sculptured ornaments, Assy rian, 398; Greek, 409. Segesta, temple at, 40,5. Segovia cathedral, 40 J ; St Mil- Ian church, 432. Selby choir, 4:28. Selinus, temple at, 405. Sennacherib s palace, 397 Sepulchral remains, Peru, 451, 4J2. Serapeum, the, 387. Seville cathedral, 433. Shoemadoo pagoda, Pegu, 397. Siena campanile, use of col oured stone in, 45G. Siguenza cathedral, 433. Sillustani, stone circles at, 451. Soest, Wiesen-kirche, 431. Spain, Gothic architecture in, 432. Sphinxes, 387. Statues, Egyptian, 390. Stonehenge, 383. Stuart and Revolt s Antiquities of Athens, 444. Susa, remains at, 400. Symmetry, 382. Taas, Chinese, 449. Tanjore pagoda, 39C. Tantalais, tomb at, 401 Tarquinii, tombs at, 414 Tarragona cathedral, 433. Taunton, St Mary s steeple, 428. Taylor, Sir Robert, architect, 444 Telmissus, rock-cut tombs at,4 12. Temples, Egyptian, 388; of Solo mon and Herod, 392-93; (cave) of India, 394; Jain, 395; Hindu, 396; of seven spheres at Borsippa, 398 ; Greek, 403; Doric, 409, Roman, 418; Chinese, 448, 449; Central American, 450. Terra cotta cone-work, Assyria, 399. Theatres, Greek, 413; of Marce!- lus, Rome, 418; Roman, 419. Thebes, remains at, 390, 391. Thrasyllus, choragic monu ment of, 411. Tiles, glazed, Assyrian, 399. Tings, Chinese pavilions, 448. Tiravalur temple, 396. Tiryns, cyclopic walling at, 402. Tivoli, temple at, 417. Toledo cathedral, 433. Tombs, Egyptian, 387, 388; of the kings, Palestine, 393; of Cyrus, 399; of the kings, Susa, 400; in Asia Minor, 401; of Christian Lady, Algeria, 406, note; Greek, 412; Etruscan, 414; Roman, 419 ; Chinese, 449 ; ancient American, 450, 452. Tooloon, mosque of, 445. Toov Tang, halls, China, 443. Topes of India, 394. Toro, church at, 433. Toulouse, St Sernin, 432. Towns, modern, 452. Traceiy, 427. I Treasury of Atreus, 402. Treves cathedral, 431. Triumphal arches, Roman, 419 (also 415); composite, 417. Trondhj m cathedral, 424. Tumuli, 384. Tuscan (so-called) architecture, 437. United States, modern build ings, 453; capitol, Washing ton, 454. University buildings, modern, 453. Valladolid cathedral, 442. Yanbrugh, Sir John, and his works. 443. Veil, 414. Vienna, St Stephen s cathedral, 431. Venice St Maik s, 435; the Frari, 436; palace, 43G; St Mark s doorways, mosaics, 456 ; ducal palace, 456. Venus and Rome, temple of, 419. Verona, St Zenone church, 435; St Anastasla, 436; porches and monuments, 436 ; vari ous examples of use of col our, 456. Ve.vta, .emple of, Tivoli, 417 YfocJay abbey (quadripartite vault), 4&quot;0 ; use of coloured stones, 45G. Yitruvius, 382, 383 ; resuscita tion of his dogmas, 436 ; main value of his works, 437 ; his five orders, 437 ; his precepts still inculcated, 439. Volci, tombs at, 414. Walhalla, the, at Munich, 413. Warka, remains at, 399. Washington, capitol at, 454. Westminster abbey, 427 ; clois ters, use of coloured stones in, 455. Winchester cathedral, 426-428. Wood, use of, in ancient build ings, 400; details instated In stone, Greece, 412. Wren, Sir Christopher, and his works, 443. Xanthus, tombs at, 401. York Minster, nave, 428. Yorkshire abbeys, 427. Zamora cathedral, 433. Zara cathedral, 435. GLOSSAEY OF ARCHITECTURAL TEEMS (ESPECIALLY CLASSICAL AND MEDLEVAL). AKACISCUS, diminutive of Abacus, applied to the chequers or squares of a tessellated pavement. ABACUS, from the Gr. &&at, a tray, or flat board, Ital. abaco, Fr. tailloir, the upper part of the capital of a column, pier, &c. (See separate article, and CAPITAL.) ABATED, a term for such work in mediceval masonry as is worked down or sunk. AKBEY (Fr. abbayc, Ital. abbadia, or contracted, badia, Ger. Abtci, Kl.oster), a term for the church and other buildings used by conventual bodies presided over by an abbot or abbess, in contradistinction to cathedral, which is presided over by a bishop, and priory, the head of which was a prior or prioress. (See separate article.) ACIIOTERIUM (Gr. aKp&T-ftpiov, the summit or vertex), a statue or ornament of any kind placed on the apex of a pediment. The term is often restricted to the plinth, which forms the podium merely for the acroterhun. AISLE, sometimes written Isle, Yle, and Alloy (Lat. and Ital. ala, Fr. aile,bas-cote, Ger. Scitenschiff, Seitcnchor), in its primary sense the wing of a house, but generally used to describe the alleys or passages at the sides of the naves and choirs of churches. (See separate article.) ALCOVE, a recess in a room usually screened off by pillars, balustrade, or drapery. ALIEN-HOUSES, religious houses in England belonging to foreign ecclesiastics, or under their control. They generally were built where property had been left by the donors to foreign orders to pray for their souls. They were frequently regular priories, but sometimes only cells, and even granges, with small chapels attached. Some, particularly in cities, seem to have been a sort of mission-houses. There were more than 100 in England. Many alien-houses were suppressed by Henry V., and the rest by Henry VIII. ALLEY, also called Ambulatory (Lat. dcambnlatorium), the covered passages rouud a cloister. (See also ALUKE.) ALMEUY, also Aumery, Aumbrie, aiid Ambry (Fr. armoirc, Ital. armario), a recess in the wall of a church, sometimes square-headed, and sometimes arched over, and closed with a door like a cup board used to contain the chalices, basins, cruets, &c., for the use of the priest ; many of them have stone shelves. They are sometimes near the piscina, but more often on the opposite side. The word also seems in mediaeval times to be used commonly for any closed cupboard, and even bookcase. AI.MONRY (Lat. clccmosmarium, Fr. aumonerie, Ger. Almoscnhaus), the place or chamber where alms were distributed to the poor in churches, or other ecclesiastical buildings. At Kishopstone Church, Wiltshire, it is a sort of covered porch attached to the south transept, but not communicating with the interior of the church. At Worcester Cathedral the alms are said to have been distributed on stone tables, on each side, within the great porch. In large monastic establishments, as at Westminster, it seems to have been a separate building of some importance, either joining the gatehouse or near it, that the establishment might be dis turbed as little as possible. ALMSIIOUSES, small buildings for the residence of the aged poor, generally endowed with some yearly stipend. The greater portion were built after the Reformation. Two interesting early ex amples are that at St Cross, near Winchester, and that near the Preaching Cross of the Black Friars at Hereford. ALTAR, anciently written Auter, or Awter (Lat. and Ital. altare, Fr. autel), the elevated table devoted to the celebration of the Eucharist. (See separate article.) ALURE (Lat. alura allorium, probably from alatorium), an alley, passage, the water way or flat gutter behind a parapet, the galleries of a clerestory, sometimes even the aisle itself of a church. The term is sometimes written valure, or valoring. AMPHIPROSTYLE (Gr. afj.&amp;lt;pi, around or about, and prostyle, q.v.) A temple with a portico at each end is said to be amphiprostylar. AxGEL-Licirrs, the outer upper lights in a perpendicular window, next to the springing ; probably a corruption of the word angle- lights, as they are nearly triangular. ANNULET (Lat. annulus, a ring), a term applied to the small fillets or bands which encircle the lower part of the Doric capital immediately above the neck or trachelium. ANT^E (probably from the Gr. avrtos, or some other derivative of the preposition av-ri, opposite to), the pier-formed ends of the walls of a building, as in the portico of a Greek temple. A portico is said to be in antis when columns stand between ante, as in the temple of Theseus, supposing the peristyle or surround ing columns removed. ANTE-CHAPEL, a small chapel forming the entrance to another. There are examples at the Cathedral and at Merton College, Oxford, and at King s College, Cambridge, besides several others. The ante-chapel to the Lady chapel in cathedrals is generally called the Presbytery. AsTE-Cnoiu, the part under the rood loft, between the doors of the choir and the outer entrance of the screen, forming a sort of lobby. It is also called the Fore-Choir. ANTEFIXJS (Lat. ante, before, andfixus, fixed), upright blocks with an ornamented face placed at regular intervals on a cornice. Antefixae were originally adapted to close and hide the lower ends of the joints of the covering tiles on the roof of a temple. APOPHYGE (Gr. cbro&amp;lt;/&amp;gt;try^, a flying oil), the lowest part of the shaft of an Ionic or Corinthian column, or the highest member of its base if the column be considered as a whole. The apophyge is the inverted cavetto or concave sweep, on the upper edge of which the diminishing shaft rests. APSE (Gr. chfis-, Lat. absis, tribuna, concha, Fr. abside, rmid- point, Ital. apside, tribuna, Ger. Ablauf), the semicircular or polygonal termination to the chancel of a church. (See separate article.) APTERAL (Gr. priv.,andirr/&amp;gt;oV, awing), a temple without columns on the flanks or sides. ApwEOSTYLE (Gr. apaios, rare or weak, and yrvos, a column), a wide intercoluinniation. (See EUSTYLE.) The space assigned to this term by Vitruvius is uncertain ; the moderns assign to it four diameters. AIUEOSYSTYLE (compounded of arceostyle and systyle, q.v.} expresses the arrangement attendant on coupled columns, as in the western front of St Paul s Cathedral. ARCADE (Fr. arcade, arcature, Ital. arcata, Ger. Bogcngang), a range of arches, supported either on columns or on piers, and detached or attached to the wall. (See separate article. ) ARCHITRAVE (Gr. apxh, chief, and Lat. trabs, a beam), the chief