Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 2.djvu/18

8 llmnng nu: Iran. pnssillg round die shank can be secured to them. A stmug holi, ﬁtted uiih zhree lugs, c, (7, and e, is serurod in lhe ship's side by eye-bolts, "hi allow it to revolve. Chains, fund y, iasiened lo ihe ship'ii side at one cm], are pnssmi round the shauh oi the onehor, and held by the lugs c ond e at iho ozher. A siipsmppex, Ii, elasps ihe lug J, and keeps the bolt in the [so ' ion shown; the inner ﬂuke 0! the anchor rests on the bi[l—bo/u-(I 1', the point is huldciumi by a secnrilig L'hil.ilI ruled with u slip ui l, and ihe upper cml of Lhu xi/oak is secured in n siilliliir vlily. \\'hcn it is desired to -A lee gm," lllcxope lnshiugs on (1, n, imd b, b, are ml, the slips zit lhe point and stock are knocked uuny, und than she stopper It is ihe only thing uliicli holds the unehor. A shifting lever, shown hy doiiod lines, is fitted to nsmkut in Ii; u-hen a drain is bmilghi. upon this, «he hlg d is rolessod from the grip oi the slopper h,nnd the anchor let go, lhe nunb1ers,o, n, unowing ii. elesr oi iho ship.

. 8.—Stowing a Sheet Anchor.

ii should he obserred rhac whenever a slip-stollpt-I is iiiood, eure nrusc \le_1.a.kE\, hy placing's [will in the baeh oi it, or otherwise, to prevent the anchor being let go by accident. Stern and scrranr anchors are skewed at the stem of the ship in the way described ior shoot snrhors. The kedge lmchon are genemily slowed in die rnsin. chains. Sheet, scream, and sieru anehors being very rarely used, hlwe I/0 he re—slc\\'ed hy ihe uid oi the yordsirrn, \vii.hollt any speoinl appliunees being iiuod.

. 9.—Buoy Mooring Block.

. 10.—Cast-iron Mooring Anchor.

. 11.—Mushroom Anchor.

1[rm1'7r_a one/um are thnse which are pliwed in harbours, &t:,fo1 ihe eonrenienee oi resels irequeniing ihern. A large buoy is iittacheii to the end or ihe mooring oahle,sud the ship is made iusi to u ring—holi ﬁtted on the buoy. Mooring uueluns are not limikwl by oousideraiions oi \vl:igIlt, Aim, as oiher uuohnrs sre, she only requirements being ehai ihey have snllicient holding powcr, and do uoi pmjeci. above are gmmrd, us any prnjcction in ihe shallow waters in whieb they nro usually placed would render ships lishle be injury from gmunding on them, and be dungomus to ﬂshingenuls, iie. Mooring lxllchors may thereioro be oi stone, as shown in ﬁg. 9; oroi mssiion, as in m-s.—Bu->yr-rm smu. ﬁg. 10. Mimhmom snehors (ﬁg. 11), insi proposed ior ships, ore nuw only used ior nllmrings. An old anchonvhich has one arm dun» aged is frequently used as u mooring anchor, Lhe dauiaged nrmheingbcntdown elose to the shrink; the anchor in sunk win. the beni ann uppermost, nnd more is no pmjueueu zllwve the ground. In llaxbuuni where there is not much room it is usual in phwe luo imchols, connected by a cable, in a line at right imglrs to «he direction of the tide; a swivel is filled at ihe cclltre oi this cable, mid Ihe buoy ehain is made lash to «ho su with ihis ill-l-alignment. the ship does not (sweep such a llnge circle in siiinging.

. 12.—Mooring Anchor.

{{ti|1em|The hes-i muoring anchor uhieh has yei been devised is shouu in ﬁg, 12. us shank is around bar oi llrroilght iron, (1, about 7 II: .\n length and 6 inches in ' iliillllckur; it is inurellscd zit'll 10 9 inrhcs dinlilmer run about 1 foot oi its length, and renuineieri ai fsiiuilarly to the piaint oi il. giuilct; holes ure nude in die stolltlmrt b, and a icm\v ﬂange oi 3; tool diaineier in ms! nmunil ii; the uloikcll mom! gets into the holes rad makes it. good oonnho on,~,,,_,2 .,m,i,,g uiih the \Vl'DlI§1!t>iIUll ch k. A su L Aulror, r, in which u Inigo slieehle (I, is attnchtil, is ﬁltcd on as shown, uud secllmd by u zitmng nut; the and oi iho shauh z is uiude square, To nlaeo this mcllox in alnnu's iaihonis oi u-uier, {our iron imis, oaeh about 17 ilei in lvugtll, and provided with n socket or one end and o sqniim head us the other, are used. As the nllchm is lowered the socket. of the ﬁlst bar is ﬁtted on at 9, and the socket of the second bar in us iuru ﬁttcd lo the square end of the iirsl, and so on iii! the anchor miichcs the bottom, A dnmillcad, simihu ion L'{Ap.\I1Il, is then mm! on tho lusi.1iar,aiui caps-iuu burs shipped in it; by chose nlczins the mu-llor is iurned round, Luld:50 son.-uud into the _gruumL It must he sunk thmugh the bait mud or sand into the Imriicr soil bcncslll it, imd when this is done the holding llowuxoi' ihezmchor is enormous Ali anchui af the dinlcnbimis given weighs about 14 en-i., and will hold iar more ihuu u oasi-iron mooring onehor oi 1 tons. The only objections io ii seem to be the dhheuliy oi removing it ii are muurillgs are required to be when up, and that spcrial annlisnees use l-uluimd ior putting it down.}} {{anchor|Anchorage}} {{ti|1em|A good anchorage is where ihere are iron. io lo 20 Anrhnng iaehoois of water, and rhe gmlmd is not mcky or loose sand. where ihere are more llmII:1'l10\lt20 iiithmns we cable bours too ooorly poipoudioulur, uud is liable in hip ihe anchor. For anchoring in ordinury uoailioriliuleuglb oi mble veered our is ahoui thxec timis ibe depth oi wallet.}} {{right|{{nowrap|({{smallcaps|t. m.}})}}}} {{div col end}}