Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 2.djvu/169

Rh GENERIC CHARACTERS.] APE 155 many as three at a birth, while all the other apes habitu ally bring forth bat one. There arc many different species of marmosets, and they have been divided into two genera, according as tho lower canine (eye) teeth are or are not Fro. 12 The Moloch Callithrix (Callithrix moloch). From Archives du Museum, vol. iv. pi. 3. decidedly larger than the incisors (cutting-teeth) between them; those kinds in which the inferior and incisor canines are almost of equal length being retained in the genus Ilapalc, while those in which the lower incisors are much shorter Fio. 13. The Golden Marmoset (Midas chnjsoleucus). From Pro. Zool. Soc. 1868, pi. 24. than the adjacent canines are taken to form the genus Midas. It seems doubtfid, however, whether this generic distinction can ultimately be maintained, an intermediate condition existing in some forms. The species of the f enus Hapale are Jacckus, Albicollis, Aurita, Humera- fifer, Pcnidllata, Leitcocephala, Melanura, and Pygm&a. The species of the genus Midas are Rosalia, Chryso- melas, (Edipus, Geo/royi, Bicolor, Ursulus, Rufimanus, Labiatus, Mystax, Ritfoniger, Devilli, Nigrifrons, Flavi- frons, niigeri, Weddellii, Leucogenys,Melanurus,Argentatus, Chrysoleucus, Lagonotus, Graellsi, Pileatus, Elegantulus, and Rufiventer. The characters of the subdivisions of the ape group may be synoptically expressed as follows : Family I. SIMIAD^B. P.M. M. -J a bony meatus auditorius extcrnus; pollex oppos- 2 o able, if present ; tail never prehensile ; internasal septum narrow ; often cheek pouches ; often callosities ; pectoral limbs sometimes greatly exceeding the pelvic limbs in length; pelvic limbs never much longer than the pectoral limbs ; Old World habitat. Sub-Family I. Simiiiue. Pectoral limbs much longer than pelvic limbs ; no tail ; no cheek pouches ; csecum with a vermiform appendix ; sternum broad ; sometimes no os intermedium in tho carpus ; stomach simple. 1. Simia. Head vertically produced ; arms reaching to ankle ; ribs, twelve pairs ; an os intermedium ; hallux very small ; no ischiatic callosities ; hair red ; habitat Asiatic. 2. Troglodytes. Head not vertically produced ; arms not reach ing more than half down the shin ; ribs, thirteen pairs ; no os intermedium ; hallux well developed ; no ischiatic callosities ; hair black, dun, or grey; habitat African. 3. Uyloiates. Head not vertically produced ; arms reaching to the ground; an os intermedium; hallux well developed; small ischiatic callosities; habitat Asiatic. Sub-Family II. Scmnopithctince. Pelvic limbs longer than pectoral limbs ; tail very long ; no check pouches ; no vermiform appendix ; sternum narrow ; an os intermedium ; ischiatic callosities ; stomach complicated by saccula- tions ; third lower molar always with five tubercles. 4. Scmnopithecus. Thumb small; habitat Asiatic. 5. Colobus. Thiunb generally absent ; habitat African. Sub-Family III. Cynopitliccince. Pelvic and pectoral limbs sub-equal in length ; tail long, or short, or absent; cheek pouches; no vermiform appendix; sternum narrow ; an os intermedium ; ischiatic callosities present, often very large ; stomach simple ; third lower molar sometimes with four tubercles. 6. Cercopithccus. Muzzle more or less short ; callosities moderate ; last lower molar generally with four tubercles ; tail long ; habitat African. 7. Macacus. Muzzle more or less elongated; callosities rather large; last lower molar with five tubercles; tail long, short, or absent; nostrils not terminal; habitat Asiatic, North African, or European. 8. Cynocephalus. Muzzle very long; callosities very large; last lower molar with five tubercles; tail more or less short; muzzle swollen by enlargement of maxillary bone; nostrils almost always terminal; habitat African. Family II. CEBIDJE. o P.M.-; no bony meatus auditorius extcrnus; pollex never o opposable ; tail often prehensile ; internasal septum broad; no cheek pouches ; no ischiatic callosities; no vermiform appendix; always an os intermedium; pectoral limbs never more than slightly exceeding 1 in length the pelvic limbs ; pelvic limbs sometimes much longer than the pectoral limbs; New World habitat. Sub-Family I. Ccbincc. M. -; incisors vertical; tail long and prehensile; hyoid bone o moderate ; thumb present or absent. 9. Aides. Form slender; limbs very long; fur not woolly; internasal septum as broad as usual in Ccbidaj ; thumb absent; tail distally naked beneath; nails not much laterally compressed and pointed. 10. Eriodcs. Form slender ; limbs very long ; fur woolly ; inter- nasal septum narrower than usual in Cebidrc; thumb rudimentary; tail distally naked beneath; nails exceedingly compressed laterally, and pointed. 1 Only at all so in Atelet.