Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 18.djvu/78

 68 O T L O T T OTLEY, a market-town in the West Riding of York shire, is picturesquely situated on the south bank of the Wharf e, at the foot of the precipitous Chevin Hill, 10 miles north of Bradford and 9 south-west of Harrogate. The river is crossed by a stone bridge of seven arches. The church of All Saints contains what is said to be a Saxon doorway belonging to the original building, and several in teresting monuments. A free grammar school took its origin from a bequest by Thomas Cave in 1602, and was named in honour of Henry, prince of Wales, son of James I. A mechanics institute was erected in 1869 in the Italian style, and a court-house in 1875. Worsted spinning and weaving, machine making, tanning and leather dressing, organ-building, and paper-making are the principal indus tries. Otley is a very old town. It is mentioned in Domesday, the name being possibly derived from Othelai the field of Otho. The population of the town and urban sanitary district (area 2370 acres) was 5855 in 1871 and 6806 in 1881. OTRANTO, a city of Italy in the province of Lecce (Terra d Otranto), 53 miles by rail south of Brindisi on the coast of the Adriatic, within sight on a clear day of the mountains of Albania. Though at present a small place with a communal population of only 2333 (1881), it was formerly one of the most celebrated cities of southern Italy, and the seat of an archbishop who bore the title of primate of the Salentines. Probably of Greek origin, Hydruntum or Hydrus, as it was called, seems for a time to have suffered from the prosperity of Brundusium, but by the 4th century it had become the regular ?ort for travellers bound for the East by Apollonia and Dyrraehiivm. t remained in the hands of the Greek emperors till its second capture by Robert Guiscard in 1068. In 1480 the Turkish fleet under Achmet, grand-vizier of Mohammed II., destroyed the city and massacred or enslaved the inhabitants ; and, though Otranto was recovered for Ferdinand by Alphonso, duke of Calabria, and fortified by King Alphonso and Charles V., it never rose to its former importance. During the war of the League of Cambrai, Ferdinand of Aragon expelled the Venetians, who had been for some time in possession of the city. In 1810 Napoleon made Fouche duke of Otranto. The cathedral (S. Annunziata), a three- aisled basilica ending in three apses, contains a mosaic floor dating from 1163, greatly injured by tl^e Turkish horses; and the castle still stands which gave its title to &quot;VValpole s well-known novel, The Castle of Otranto. OTTAWA, the capital of the Dominion of Canada, the seat of the supreme court, and the residence of. the governor-general, of the Church of England bishop of Ontario, and of the Roman Catholic bishop of Ottawa, is situated in 45 25 59&quot; N. lat. and 75 42 4&quot; W. long., in the province of Ontario, on the south bank of the Ottawa (which forms the boundary between Ontario and Quebec), about 90 miles above its junction with the St Lawrence. By the Canadian Pacific Railway, which here crosses from the north to the south side of the Ottawa valley, the city is 120 miles west of Montreal (by the Canada Atlantic Railway the distance is 116 miles), and from Prescott on the Grand Trunk Railway and opposite Ogdensburg in New York it is distant 54 miles. The site of Ottawa is sufficiently remarkable, extending as it does for about 2 miles along the Ottawa from the Chaudiere Falls (where the river, narrowed to 200 feet, rushes down about 40 feet over a broken ledge of rock) to the falls at the mouth of the Rideau (a right-hand tributary), and rising about midway into a cluster of hills Parliament or Barrack Hill (160 feet), Major s Hill, &c. which front the river with bold bluffs. The Rideau Canal, which skirts the east side of Parliament Hill, separates what is known as the higher from the lower town. To the south of Parliament Hill is the more commercial part of the city, stretching westward to the suburb of Rochesterville and the lumber district round the Chaudiere Falls. Major s Hill, east of the canal, is laid out as a public park ; and Sandy Hill, to the south of the lower town, forms a resi dential quarter. Beyond the Rideau river lies the sub urban village of New Edinburgh, with the official residence of the governor-general, Rideau Hall. The city of Hull too, on the opposite side of the Ottawa, in the province of Quebec, may be regarded as a suburb of the capital, with which it is connected by a suspension bridge. The Govern ment buildings, which give the name to Parliament Hill, rank among the finest specimens of architecture in North America. The central pile, or Parliament House, is in Italian Gothic, of the 13th century, the material mainly Potsdarn sandstone from Nepean. The main (south) front is 470 feet long and 40 feet high, and in the middle over the principal entrance stands Victoria Tower, 180 feet high, and surmounted by a great iron crown. In the centre of the north front is a semi-detached polygonal (almost cir cular) hall, 90 feet in diameter, appropriated to the library. The corner stone of the building was laid by the Prince of Wales in 1860. The total cost was about 1,000,000. Plan of Ottawa. (For ground plan and elevation see The Builder, 1859 and 1860.) Two extensive blocks of departmental buildings are placed like detached wings forming the sides of the quadrangle in front. Ottawa also contains a Roman Catholic cathedral (Notre Dame) with twin spires 200 feet high, the Gray Nunnery (the mother-house of the province of Ontario), the Black Nunnery, two convents, a Roman Catholic college (Ottawa University), a Roman Catholic hospital, a Protestant hospital, a Protestant ladies college, a city-hall, a custom-house, the Government normal school for central Canada, the museum of the geological survey, tfcc. Besides being a great seat of the lumber trade, with saw-mills and match-works, it manufactures flour, cast-iron wares, leather, and bricks. The exports were valued at $1,683,148 in the fiscal year ending June 1874, and at $2,444,723 in the fiscal year 1883, the im ports at the same dates amounting to $1,495,169 and $1,562,344. The revenue arising from customs duties amounts to about 260,000 annually. The population of the city (about half being Roman Catholics and half Pro testants) was 14,669 in 1861, 21,545 in 1871, and 27,412 in 1881. A mayor and board of aldermen constitute the
 * municipal government, and the city is divided into five-

wards Wellington, Victoria, St George s, By, and Ottawa.