Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 18.djvu/776

742 PHILETAS, a distinguished poet and critic of the Alexandrian school, was the son of Telephus and a native of the island of Cos. He lived in the reigns of, Alexander the Great, and Ptolemy I. of Egypt, the last of whom appointed him tutor to his son Ptolemy Philadelphus. His life thus fell in the and He was a contemporary of Menander, a friend of the poet Hermesianax of Cos, and lived into the time of Aratus. Amongst his pupils were Theocritus and Zenodotus. He was sickly and so thin that he was said to carry lead in his shoes to keep himself from being blown away. The story runs that he died from the excessive assiduity with which he sought the answer to the sophistical problem called &ldquo;The Liar.&rdquo; A bronze statue of him was erected in Cos.

1em  PHILIDOR, (–). See, ..  PHILIP, one of the twelve apostles, mentioned fifth in all the lists (Matt. x. 3 ; Mark iii. 18 ; Luke vi. 14 ; Acts i. 13), is a mere name in the Synoptists, but a figure of some prominence in the Fourth Gospel. There he is said to have been &quot;of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter,&quot; and to have received his call to follow Jesus at Bethany, having previously been, it would seem, a disciple of the Baptist (John i. 43, 44). Philip was at that time the means of bringing Nathanael to Jesus (John i. 45), and at a later date he, along with Andrew, carried the request of the incpuiring Greeks to the Master (John xii. 22). Philip and Andrew alone are mentioned by name in con nexion with the feeding of the five thousand (John vi. 5, 7), and Philip is also one of the few interlocutors in John xiv. After the resurrection he was present at the election of Matthias as successor to Judas, but he does not again appear in the New Testament history ; it is, however, implied that he still continued in Jerusalem after the outbreak of the first persecution.

1em  PHILIP, &ldquo;the evangelist,&rdquo; is first mentioned in the Acts (vi. 5) as one of &ldquo;the seven&rdquo; who were chosen to attend to certain temporal affairs of the church in Jerusalem in consequence of the murmurings of the Hellenists against the Hebrews. After the martyrdom of Stephen he went to Samaria, where he preached with much success, Simon Magus being one of his converts. He afterwards instructed and baptized the Ethiopian eunuch on the road between Jerusalem and Gaza ; next he was &quot; caught away&quot; by the Spirit and &quot;found at Azotus &quot; (Ashdod), whence &quot; passing through he preached in all the cities till he came to Cæsarea&quot; (Acts viii.). Here some years after wards, according to Acts xxi. 8, 9, he entertained Paul and his companion on their way to Jerusalem ; at that time &quot; he had four daughters which did prophesy.&quot; At a very early period he came to be confounded with the ; the confusion was all the more easy because, while he undoubtedly could in a certain well-understood sense of the word be called an &quot;apostle,&quot; writers naturally refrained from applying to him the more ambiguous designation of &quot;evangelist.&quot; &quot;Philip the deacon &quot; is commemorated on 6th June.  PHILIP, of. See, ..  PHILIP, the name of five kings of Macedon. The greatest of these was (–), the first founder of the (). After the death of Alexander the Great, Arrhidæus, a bastard of Philip II., reigned as, till he was put to death by Olympias in. , son of Cassander, reigned only for a few s in. V., the last but one of the kings of Macedon and son of Demetrius II., was born in, and came to the throne on the death of his uncle, Antigonus Doson, in. In the course of the next three s he acquired a brilliant reputation by his exploits against the Ætolians and their allies in the Peloponnesus in the Social War; but after this, though his whole career was marked by military and even political ability, the bad sides of his character became predominant, and he appeared more and more as a perfidious, morose, and cruel tyrant, thus alienating the affections of the Greeks and ultimately even of his own subjects. His life was full of ambitious schemes, but he made the cardinal error of siding with Carthage against Rome. His character made it easy for the Romans to raise against him a powerful coalition of his neighbours, but Philip held his ground with vigour till the armies of the republic themselves appeared on the field. How he was finally driven out of has been related under. After Philip for some time accepted his reverses and sought the friendship of Rome, helping the republic against Antiochus; 