Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 17.djvu/385

Rh century, and belonging to an abbey affiliated to Cluny. The ducal palace at Nevers (now occupied by the courts of justice and a ceramic museum) was built in by J. de Clamecy, count of Nevers, and is one of the principal feudal edifices in central France. A middle tower, containing the great staircase, has its windows adorned by sculptures relating to the history of the house of Cleves. In front of the palace lies a wide open space with a fine view over the valley of the Loire. The Porte de Croux, dating from the, is the only remnant of the old fortifications; it now contains a collection of sculptured stones and some Roman antiquities. The modern triumphal arch (18th century), the town-house and library, the almshouses, and the mother-house of the Nevers sisters of charity may also be mentioned. The Loire is crossed by a fine stone bridge of fifteen arches, and a cast-iron railway bridge. Up to 1880 there was at Nevers a navy cannon foundry which, furnished with eight blast-furnaces capable of melting 40 tons at once, used to turn out 250 pieces per. It has now been combined with the foundry at Ruelle (Charente); and the works are transformed into a practical school for such branches as boiler-making and engine-fitting. The also contains private engineering establishments, potteries and porcelain works, chemical works, pit-cable factories, file-works, oil-works, tanneries, and wool-spinning mills. Commercially it has the advantage of being a large railway junction, communicating with Paris and Orleans by Gien, with Bourges, Moulins, and Dijon by Chagny, and with Auxerre by Clamecy. in 1881, 23,846.

1em  NEVIANSK (, or ), a of Russia, in the government of Perm, 62 to the north-north-west of Ekaterinburg, is situated on the eastern slope of the Ural mountains, in the populous valley of the Neiva, surrounded by mountains composed of talc and chlorite schists and granites, in a district very rich in iron and also in auriferous sands. The in 1881 numbered 13,980 (17,950 with its suburb, the Byngovskiy iron-work), all Great-Russians, and mostly Nonconformists (edinovyertsy), of whom about 3000 are employed at the iron-works, while the others carry on various small trades, such as the manufacture of boxes widely sold in Siberia, small iron-wares, and boots, or engage in agriculture. The merchants of the town carry on an active trade, and its fairs are very animated. The iron industry produced in 1879 96,000 of cast iron and 45,000  of wrought iron, and the average ly yield of gold is about 400.

1em  NEVIS, an island in the Federated Leeward group, British West Indies, in 17° 14′N. and 62° 33′W., separated from St Christopher by a shallow strait 2 broad at the narrowest. It is a mountain rising gradually to a height of 3200, the lower portion being cultivable; the total area is about 32,000 acres. The is healthy, the average height of the thermometer being 82°  Discovered by Columbus in, and colonized by the English in 1628, it now forms one presidency with St Christopher, with one legislative council (meeting in St Kitts) of ten official and ten unofficial members, all nominated by the crown, Nevis sending three of the unofficial members. The revenue in 1882 was £9285, and the expenditure £8465. Its of sugar in the four s from 1879 to 1882 respectively were 3500, 1600, 1700, and 4000 tons,—the total s in 1881 being £38,672, and in 1882 £75,000. The is 11,864; the capital is Charlestown, on the shore of a wide bay on the south-west side of the island.  NEW ALBANY, a flourishing manufacturing of the, in Floyd county,, occupies a good position on the left bank of the Ohio, nearly opposite the west end of , 156 below. It is handsomely built, with wide and well-shaded streets, and among its public edifices are a city-hall, a court-house, an opera-house capable of containing 2500 persons, a masonic hall, and an oddfellows hall. Abundant water-power is obtained from the falls about two up the river. Besides the glass-works, which rank as the largest in the, the industrial establishments comprise foundries, pork-packing factories, boatbuilding yards, rolling mills, cotton and woollen mills, and hosiery mills. Laid out in 1813, and incorporated as a in 1839, New Albany increased its  from 4226 in 1840 to 16,423 in 1880, and is still rapidly growing.  NEWARK (or in full ), a municipal and parliamentary and market- of Nottinghamshire, England, is situated in the midst of a flat but highly cultivated country, near the Trent, on the river Devon, and on the Great Northern and Nottingham and Lincoln Railways, 120  north of London, and 19 east of Nottingham. By means of a canal 1 in length it is connected with the Trent navigation. The is well built, with wide but irregular streets, which diverge from the market-place. The church of St Mary Magdalene, one of the largest and finest parish churches of England, is specially notable for the beauty of the tower and of the octagonal spire (223 high) by which it is surmounted. The central piers of the old church, dating from the or, still remain, and the lower part of the tower is a fine example of Early English when at its best. The upper parts of the tower and spire were completed about, the nave between and , and the chancel in. The sanctuary is bounded on the south and north by two chauntry chapels, the former of which has on one of its panels a remarkable painting from the Dance of Death. There are a few old monuments, and an exceedingly fine brass of the. The castle, supposed to have been founded by Egbert, king of the West Saxons, was partly rebuilt and greatly extended by Alexander, consecrated bishop of Lincoln in, who established at it a mint. The castle from its position and its great strength was for a long time known as the “key of the North.” Of the original Norman stronghold the most important remains are the gate-house and the lofty rectangular tower at the south-west angle. The building seems to have been reconstructed in the. In the reign of Edward III. it was used as a state prison. During the civil war it was garrisoned for the king, and endured three sieges. Its dismantling 