Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 17.djvu/184

172 it was styled Keang-nan and Shing Chow; by of the  (–) it was created the &ldquo;southern capital&rdquo; (Nan-king), and was given the distinctive  of Ying-t&rsquo;een; and since the accession to power of  it has been officially known as Keang-ning, though still popularly called Nan-king. As a matter of fact it was the seat of the  only during the reigns of the first two s of the, and was deserted for   by , the third  of that line, who in  captured the  and  the  of his , the reigning emperor. But even when speaking of the rebuilt by the s it is necessary to use the. The, who carried the by assault in, made a clean sweep of all the national s and most of the more conspicuous public s it contained, and destroyed or were the means of destroying the greater part of the magnificent  which surrounded it. The following description, therefore, must be understood as referring to the as it existed before it was invaded by those ruthless destroyers. 1em Nanking is about 194 to the west of, and is nearly equidistant between and. It is situated on the south of the, and has a  of 400,000 s. In bygone days it was one of the chief  centres of , besides being famous for its. ,, , , , and artificial s were among its chief products. Of late s, however, these peaceful have been superseded by the production of all kinds of  material. As at, the at Nanking is superintended by ans, under whose guidance s of war and  of the newest and most approved type are there. In the of the  relations of  with, Nanking principally figures as the  where, after its capture by  in ,  signed the &quot;Nanking .&quot; (undefined)  NANTES, a city of France, chief town of the department of Loire-Inferieure, is situated on the right bank of the Loire, 35 miles above its mouth, in 47 13 N. lat. and 1 33 W. long. In population (117,555 inhabitants in 1881) it is the first city of Brittany. At Nantes the Loire receives on the left hand the Sevre Nantaise, and on the right the Erdre, which forms the outlet of the canal between Nantes and Brest; and a large number of bridges spanning the various branches of the different streams join the several quarters of the city. Along the left bank of the Loire stretches an ever-extending line of factories and shipbuilding yards. In all there are 6 miles of quays, 2-J miles traversing the city in its greatest breadth from east to west along the main river. The Environs of Nantes. largest vessels at present come no farther than St Nazaire, but a canal is being made on the left bank which will allow vessels drawing 16 feet to come up to the city. Nantes lies 264 miles west-south-west of Paris by the Angers and Le Mans Railway, and 40 miles from St Nazaire. Other lines connect it with Rennes via Chateaubriant, La Roche-sur-Yon, Paimboeuf, and Pornic. The cathedral of Nantes, commenced in 1 434 in the Gothic style, is still unfinished. Its length will be, when completed, 335 feet, and the nave is 85 feet wide and 123 feet in height. The towers are 205 feet high. There are two interesting monuments in the transept, on the right Michel Colomb s tomb of Francis II., duke of Brittany, and his second wife Marguerite de Foix (1507), and on the left that of General Lamoriciere by Paul Dubois. The former consists of a white marble base covered by a black marble slab on which rest the two effigies, the four corners being occupied by upright figures of Justice, Fortitude, Temperance, and Prudence. Of the other churches the more interesting are St Nicolas, a modern building in the style of the 13th century, Ste Croix, which occupies the site of an old pagan temple, and St Jacques on the left bank of the Loire. Between the cathedral and the Loire, from which it is separated only by the breadth of the quay, stands the castle of Nantes, founded in the 9th or 10th century. Re built by Francis II. and the duchess Anne, it was flanked by Mercoeur in the time of the League with huge bastions decorated with the Lorraine cross. From beincr the resi-

