Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 17.djvu/176

Rh 164 N A G N A G its eastern side, extending about a mile in length and f of a mile in breadth. Immediately to the south, and con nected with the mainland by a bridge, lies the half-artificial island of Desima (600 feet by 240), which, originally occupied by the Portuguese (1637-39), was for more than two hundred years (1641-1854) the trading post and prison-house of the Dutch traders. Southwards along the shore, on ground largely reclaimed from the sea, runs the foreign settlement, with the American, British, French, and Portuguese consulates on the hilly ground behind. The magnificent dock (460 feet long, 89 wide, and 28 deep), commenced by the prince of Hizen in 1865, and rebuilt in 1874-79, occupies a deep gorge between two hills at Tatagami, on the western side of the firth opposite the city ; a few hundred yards to the north of the dock are the engine-works of Akaonura (with an area of 7 acres) ; and at Koski there is a fine patent slip constructed for the prince of Satsuma (the prince of Hizen s rival). Nagasaki is laid out with great regularity and neatness, the streets crossing each other at right angles; beginning to climb the hills, they not infrequently end in stairs. Among the public buildings may be mentioned the hospital estab lished in 1861, the oldest in Japan, and the great Govern ment school, with its department for European languages and sciences, attended by hundreds of Japanese of all ages and ranks. Population about 80,000. In 1825 the trade of the Dutch monopolists, vlio were allowed to have only two vessels, amounted to upwards of 100,000 (31,154 imports and 72,373 exports). By 1871, twelve years after the opening of the port, this sum was multiplied more than sevenfold (317,727 imports, 449,855 exports), and since then there has been a slight additional increase 755,180 being the average of the four years 1878-81. The principal exports are coal (228,000 in 1881), camphor, rice (now largely sent to Australia), tea, tobacco, dried fish, and vegetable wax. Most of the coal, which makes excel lent coke, and is freely used by men-of-war and merchant steamers, is brought from the Takashima mines about 6 miles distant, which give employment to 4000 workmen. The export of camphor has steadily increased from 2380 piculs in 1877 to 11,640 piculs (worth 42,928) in 1881. Of the 333 vessels which entered the port in 1881, 280 were British. Nagasaki has regular steamship communi cation with Shanghai, and is the terminus of submarine telegraphs from that city and from Vladivostok. NAGlNA, a town in Bijnaur district, Nor th-Wes tern Provinces of India, is situated on the road from Hardwar to Muradabad, in 29 27 5&quot; N. lat. and 78 28 50&quot; E. long., with a population of 20,503 in 1881. The headquarters of the district were removed from it to Bijnaur town in 1824. It is celebrated for its ebony carvings. There are also manufactures of glassware, ropes, and matchlocks, and a large export of sugar. NAGOYA, sometimes NOGOYA, one of the largest and most active of the cities of Japan, the chief town of Aichi ken (province of Owari), and formerly the seat of the princes of Owari (one of the &quot;three august families&quot; closely allied to the Tokugawa line of shoguns), lies at the head of the shallow Owari Bay, about 30 miles from Yokai-ichi, its port, with which it communicates by light- draught steamers. Nagoya is well known as one of the great seats of the pottery trade (though the master potters for the most part get their goods manufactured at Seto, about 13 miles distant, where the clay has been worked for wellnigh two thousand years) ; fans and enamels are also made in the city. The castle of Nagoya, occupying about 400 acres of ground at the north side of the city, erected in 1610, suffered comparatively little during the revolution of 1868, and is now the headquarters of the Nagoya military district, with extensive barracks and drill-grounds. The central keep of the citadel is a remarkable structure, covering close upon half an acre, but rapidly diminishing in each of its five stories till the top room is only about 12 yards square. Gabled roofs and hanging rafters break the almost pyramidal outline j and a pair of gold-plated dolphins 8 feet high form a striking finial. Both were removed in 1872, and one of them was at the Vienna Exhibition in 1873; but they have been restored to their proper site. Among the religious buildings perhaps the most interesting is the Kenchiu-ji, a monastery of the Jo-do sect, containing the burial-place of the princes of Owari. A superior court, a middle school, a girls school, a normal school, the prefecture, the telegraph and post-office, and the hospital are the principal foreign-style buildings in Nagoya. The population is 325,000. NAGPUR, a district in the division of the same name, in the Central Provinces of India, lying between 20 36 and 21 43 N. lat,, and between 78 17 and 79 42 E. long., bounded on the N. by Chhindwara and Seoni, E. by Bhandara, S. by Chanda and Wardha, and W. by Wardha and Ellichpur, with an area of 3786 square miles. Nag- pur district lies immediately below the great table-land of the Satpura range. A second line of hills shuts in the district on the south-west, and a third runs from north to&amp;gt; south, parting the country into two plains of unequal size. These hills are all offshoots of the Satpuras, and nowhere attain any great elevation. Their heights are rocky and sterile, but the valleys and lowlands at their feet are fertile, yielding rich crops of corn and garden produce. The western plain slopes down to the river Wardha, is- watered by the Jam and Madar rivers, tributaries of the WardhA, and contains the most highly-tilled land in the district, abounding in fruit trees, and the richest garden cultivation. The eastern plain (six times the larger), stretching away to the confines of Bhandara and Chanda,, consists of a rich undulating country, luxuriant with mango- groves, and dotted towards the east with countless small- tanks. It is watered by the Kanhan, with its tributaries, which flows into the Wainganga beyond the district. The population in 1881 was 697,356 (British-born, 1063 ; other Europeans and Americans, 383 ; Eurasians, 630 ; aborigines, 42,750 ; Hindus, 606,228; Mohammedans, 39,765; Buddhists and Jains, 3569). The most numerous of the aboriginal tribes are the Gonds- (43,885). The population of the nine principal towns was as fol lows : Nagpur, 79,842; Kanithi, 36,364; Umrer, 12,784; Kanitek, 6978; Khapa, 6664; Narkher, 6498; Mohpa, 5256; Kalmeshwar, 4842 ; Saoner, 4739. Of the area of 3786 square miles, 1863 were cultivated in 1882. Wheat in 1882 occupied 314,037 acres, rice 38,127, other food grains 489,111, oil-seeds 224,495, cotton 101,166, and sugar-cane 1545. During the last few years there has been a great increase in the manufacture of cotton in the Empress mills at Nagpur. There were 30,000 spindles in operation in 1882, the output of yarn and cloth being 1,804,530 and 149,995 lb respectively. The Nagpur branch of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway runs through the district for a distance of 26 miles. The gross revenue in 1876-77 was 1,460,168 rupees. NAGPUR, the chief town of Ndgpur district, and the administrative headquarters of the Central Provinces, India, is situated in the centre of the district, on the banks of a small stream, the Nag, in 21 9 30&quot; N. lat., 79 7 E. long. The population was 79,842 in 1881. The muni cipal limits include, besides the city proper, the suburb of Sitabaldi, and the European station of Sitabaldi, with Takli. In the centre stands Sitabaldi Hill, crowned with the fort, which commands a fine view of the country round. On the north and west lies the prettily wooded station of Sitabaldi ; beyond, to the north, are the military lines and bazars, and, again, beyond these the suburb of Takli. Close under the southern side of the hill is the native suburb of Sitabaldi. Below the eastern glacis of the fort is the railway terminus. Beyond this lies the broad sheet of water known as the Jama Tal&o, and farther east is the city, completely hidden in a mass of foliage. Three great roads connect the city with the European station. Hand some tanks and gardens, constructed by the Mahratta princes, lie outside the city. Many Hindu temples, elaborately carved in the best style of Mahratta archi-