Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 17.djvu/17

Rh M O V M O Z by Garrod (Proc. Zool. Society, 1876, pp. 416-419), who added considerably to our knowledge of the general anatomy of the Family, which he considered to be related on the one hand to the Picid&, and on the other to the Alcedinidse, (see KINGFISHER, vol. xiv. p. 81) and Bucerotidae, (see HORN- BILL, vol. xii. p. 169). The Coliidas are small birds, with a Mouse-Bird, rather Finch-like bill, a more or less crested head, a very long tail, and generally of a dun or slate-coloured plumage that sometimes brightens into blue or is pleasingly diver sified with white or chestnut. They feed almost wholly on fruits, but occasionally take insects, in quest of which they pass in bands of fifteen or twenty from tree to tree, and hang in all attitudes from the branches as they feed. It is even said that they sleep suspended by their powerful and versatile toes. Seven species are believed to exist, all belonging to the Ethiopian Region (of which the Family is one of the most characteristic), and ranging from Abyssinia southwards. Three species inhabit Cape Colony. (A. N.) MOVERS, FRANZ KARL (1806-1856), a German Orien talist, was born at Koesfeld 17th July 1806, studied at Minister, was consecrated priest in 1829, and was pro fessor in the Catholic theological faculty at Breslau from 1839 to his death on 28th September 1856. He was one of the most learned Catholics of Germany, and his elaborate work on Phoenicia * attained a high and in some respects an exaggerated reputation. It is a monument of great industry but of little judgment, and the progress of epi- graphic studies has superseded much of the author s mate rial. The first volume in particular, which deals with the religion of the Phoenicians, may be viewed as quite out of date. Movers himself modified some of his views in his article &quot; Phonizien &quot; in Ersch and Gruber s EncyHopadie. Of his other writings two Biblical studies were of some importance, viz., his Kritische Untersuchungen iiber die ATliche Chronik (1834) and Latin essay on the two re censions of the text of Jeremiah (1837). MOZAMBIQUE, a colonial province of Portugal, ex tending for about 1 200 miles along the east coast of Africa from Cape Delgado (10 41 S. lat.) to Lorenzo Marques on the south side of Delagoa Bay (25 58 S. lat.). On paper it forms an imposing territory of at least 38,000 square miles without any definite limit towards the interior ; but in reality it consists of a few settlements and military posts feebly authoritative over the surrounding 1 Die Phonizier: vol. i., Religion (1840); vol. ii., Das Phonizische Alterthum (3 parts, 1849-50-56). tribes. The Portuguese divide the province into the military districts 6f Mozambique, Cape Delgado, Angoche, Quilimane, Tete, Sofala, and Lorenzo Marques, with the presidential territory of Bazaruto. The small coral island of Mozambique, which gives its name to the province and contains the provincial capital, lies in 15 S. lat., about 3 miles off the coast of the peninsula Mossuril. It is defended by three forts, of which the principal, St Se bastian, is built entirely of stone brought from Portugal in 1510. The streets of the town (properly St Sebastian of Mozambique) are narrow and crooked, amd the stone-built flat-roofed houses are for the most part dull and lifeless in spite of their being washed with pink, brown, and white. Its principal buildings are the palace of the governor - general, formerly a Jesuit college, the custom-house, the hospital, and three churches. The population includes, be sides Portuguese and Africans, Banyans, Parsees, and Arabs. The district of Cape Delgado includes the archipelago of the Querimba Islands, and on the opposite mainland Mucimba, Pangane, Lumbo, Quissanga, Montepes, Arimba, besides the colony of Europeans founded in 1857 on the Bay of Pemba. The chief town is Ibo, with over 2000 inhabit ants, situated on the island of the same name. Of the twenty-eight islands some are nearly deserted, although both their climate and that of the opposite coast is good. Ibo has a considerable trade, the exports being sesame, calumba root, oil- seeds, ivory, and wax. Turtle fishing is carried on ; but little has been done to develop the agricultural capabilities of the district. The district of Angoche extends nominally as far south as the Quirimbo river, and includes the Angoche and Primeira islands and a small settlement on the Angoche river. The trade is very limited. The district of Quilimane is the centre of the commerce of the Zambesi, and the town ranks next to Mozambique as a port. Near the village of St Marc.al de Sena, the headquarters of the sub-military government of Sena, there are said to be very rich gold mines. Tete, to the north-west of Sena, is situated in the centre of an immense coal-basin. It includes a number of settlements on the Zambesi reaching as far as Zumbo, where a great native fair is held. The chief town is St Thiajo Major, about 250 miles from the mouth of the Zambesi. The climate is genial, and the soil is specially suitable for wheat, maize, tobacco, cotton, and sugar-cane. The chief town of the Sofala district is Sofala on the island of Chi- loane in the estuary of the Sofala river. It was the original capital of the colony, and still possesses a good harbour, which, however, is not always easily accessible, and requires good piloting. The district is rich in gold mines, and is supposed by some to be the Ophir with which King Solomon traded. Inhambane, opposite Gasa, is very much encroached upon by the Zulu tribes. The natural products are similar to those in the Zambesi valley. A species of oil-plant is very abundant, as well as amber and sarsaparilla. The district of Lorenzo Marques is almost wholly confined to the town of that name (q.v.). The archipelago of Bazaruto comprises the islands of Bazaruto, Benguerua, Xegine, Bango, and Santa Carolina. The soil and climate are both excellent, and there are important pearl fisheries. Before the 12th century this portion of the east coast of Africa had been partly colonized by Arabs from the Red Sea, who were in possession of the island of Mozambique and other districts when in 1498 the island was sighted by the Portuguese. From that time the Portuguese armadas were in the habit of frequently touching this coast on their way to India, and in 1505 Albuquerque erected a stockade at the mouth of the Sofala river and established the first Portuguese settlement under the name of the captaincy of Sofala. The fortunes of the Portuguese have been frequently chequered with disasters, and in the earlier years of their settle ment they had great difficulty in withstanding successive attacks of the Kaffres, the Turks, and the Arabs. The Banyan traders began