Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 16.djvu/889

Rh MOSCOW 857 prison. Close by, the great campanile of Ivan Yeliky, erected in the Lombardo-Byzantine style by Boris Godunoff in 1600, rises to the height of 271 feet (328 feet including the cross), and contains many bells, one of which weighs 1285 cwts. The view of Moscow from this campanile is really wonderful, and its gilded cupola is seen from a great distance. Close by is the well-known Tsar-Kolokol (Czar of the Bells), 60 feet in circumference round the rim, 19 feet high, and weighing 3850 cwts. It was cast in 1735, and broken during the fire of 1737 before being hung. The treasury of the patriarchs (riznitsa) contains not only such articles of value as the sakkos of the metropolitan Foty with 70,000 pearls, but also very remarkable monuments of Rus sian archaeology. The library has 500 Greek and 1000 very rare Russian MSS., including a Gospel of the 8th century. The great palace of the emperors, erected in 1849, is a fine building in white stone with a gilded cupola. It con tains the terems, or rooms erected for the young princes in 1636 (restored in 1836-1849, their former character being maintained), a remarkable memorial of the domestic life of the czars in the 17th century. In the treasury of the czars, Granovitaya Palata and Orujeynaya Palata, now public museums, the richest stores connected with old Russian archaeology are found crowns, thrones, dresses, various articles of household furniture belonging to the czars, Russian and Mongolian arms, carriages, &c. The four sides of the Senate Square are occupied by Plan of Moscow. buildings of various dates, from the 15th century onwards. The senate, now the law courts, was erected by Catherine II. Facing it is the arsenal, containing full ammunition for 200,000 men. The Temple of the Saviour, begun in 1817 on the Vorobiovy hills, in commemoration of 1812, was abandoned in 1827, and a new one was built during the years 1838- 1881 on a hill on the bank of the Moskva, at a short clis-. tance from the Kremlin. Its style is Lombardo-Byzantine, with modifications suggested by the military taste of Nicholas I. Its colossal white walls are well proportioned, and its gilded cupolas are seen from a great distance. The buildings that surround it are to be cleared away, and its wide squares adorned by obelisks, and by monu ments to Kutuzoff, Barclay de Tolly, Alexander I., and Nicholas I. The Kitay-Gorod, which covers 121 acres, and has 20,000 inhabitants, is the chief commercial quarter of Moscow. It contains the Gostinoy Dvor, consisting of several stone buildings divided into 1200 shops, where all kinds of manufactured articles are sold. The &quot; Red Square,&quot; 900 yards long, whose stone tribunal was formerly the forum, and afterwards the place of execution, separates the Gostinoy Dvor from the Kremlin. At its lower end stands the fantastic Pokrovsky cathedral (usually known as Vasili Blajennyi), which is the wonder of all strangers visiting Moscow, on account of its towers, all differing from each other, and representing, in their variety of colours, pine- XVI. 1 08