Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 16.djvu/854

Rh 824 M R M O R in January 1859, a few weeks before her death, protesting against being called old. The titles of her books in this period are : France in 1829-30, Dramatic Scenes from Seal Life (1833), The Princess (1835), Woman and her Master (1840), The Book ivithout a Name (1841), Passages from my Autobiography (1859). More of her autobiography and many interesting letters were edited with a memoir by Hepworth Dixon in 1862. He respected her prejudice against disclosing her exact age. MORGANATIC MARRIAGE. See MARRIAGE. MORGHEN, RAFFAELLO SANZIO (1758-1833), a distin guished engraver, was born at Naples on 19th June 1758. He received his earliest instructions from his father, him self an engraver ; but, in order to be initiated more fully in the art, he was afterwards placed as a pupil under the celebrated Volpato. He assisted this master in engraving the famous pictures of Raphael in the Vatican, and the print which represents the miracle of Bolsena is inscribed with his name. He married Volpato s daughter, and, being invited to Florence to engrave the masterpieces of the Florentine gallery, he removed thither with his wife in 1782. His reputation now became so great as to induce the artists of Florence to recommend him to the grand-duke as a fit person to engrave the Last Supper of Leonardo da Vinci ; apart, however, from the dilapidated state of the picture itself, the drawing made for Morghen was unworthy of the original, and the print, in consequence, although an admirable production, fails to convey a correct idea of the style and merit of Leonardo. Morghen s fame, however, soon extended over Europe ; and the Institute of France, as a mark of their admiration of his talents, elected him an associate in 1803. In 1812 Napoleon invited him to Paris and paid him the most nattering attentions. He died at Florence on 8th April 1833. A list of the artist s works, published at Florence in 1810, com prised 200 compositions ; the number was afterwards considerably increased. Amongst the most remarkable, besides those already mentioned, may be noticed the Transfiguration from Raphael, a -Magdalen from Murillo, a Head of the Saviour from Da Vinci, the Car of Aurora from Guido, the Hours and the Repose in Egypt from Poussin, the Prize of Diana from Domenichino, the Monument of Clement XIII. from Canova, Theseus vanquishing the Minotaur, Francesco Moncado after Vandyke, portraits of Dante, Petrarch, Ariosto, Tasso, and a number of other eminent men. His prints have hardly maintained the reputation which they enjoyed during the artist s lifetime. Though carefully and delicately executed, they are somewhat mechanical and wanting in force and spirit. MORHOF, DANIEL GEORG (1639-1691), the learned author of a survey of universal literature entitled Polyhistor sive de auctorum notitia et rerum commentarii, was born at Wismar in 1639, studied law at Rostock, and was appointed professor of poetry there in 1660. In 1665 he went to the new university of Kiel as professor of eloquence and poetry ; this chair he exchanged for that of history in 1673. He died at Liibeck in 1691. Of his numerous writings only the Polyhistor continues to be of value to the literary historian as a bibliographical work displaying judgment as well as knowledge. The first seven books (Polyhistor Literarius] appeared in 1688-1698; the publication of the two remaining parts (P. Philosophicus and P. Practicus) was completed by Moller in 1707. The best edition is that of A. Fabricius (2 vols. 4to, Leipsic, 1747). MORIAH. In 2 Chron. iii. 1 we read that Solomon built the Temple at Jerusalem on Mount Moriah (&quot;in nn isn). This name for the Temple hill, the ancient Zion, is not found elsewhere in the Old Testament, and can hardly have been a current one. But a mountain in the &quot; land of Moriah &quot; was the place where Abraham was com manded to sacrifice Isaac ; Josephus (Ant., i. 13, 2) assumes that this MW/HOV opos was the Temple hill, and the same view is expressed in the Targums, where it is exegetically based on the obscure verse, Gen. xxii. 14 (comp. Jerome, Qusest. Heh. in Gen. xxii. 2). Probably this tradition already existed in the time of the Chronicler, who appears to connect the name etymologically with Jehovah s mani festation of himself, as is done in Gen. xxii. 14. 1 Jerome repeatedly calls the Temple hill Mount Moriah, but the currency which the name has with modern writers is mainly due to the erroneous identification of Zion with the western hill beyond the Tyropo?on. In Christian tradition the place of Isaac s sacrifice was identified with Calvary (see Theodosius, DC Situ Terras Sandae,}, and it is now shown in a chapel adjoining the church of the Holy Sepulchre. MORIER, JAMES (1780-1849), traveller and author, was born in 1780. Through the influence of his uncle Admiral William Waldegrave, Baron Radstock, he at an early period entered the diplomatic service, and as secretary to Lord Elgin followed the grand vizier in the Egyptian cam paign. An account of his Eastern experiences was pub lished in 1812, under the title A Journey through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor to Constantinople in 1808-9. From 1810 to 1816 he was the English representative at the court of Persia, and after his return he published A Second Journey through Persia to Constantinople Letiveen the years 1810 and 1816. His knowledge of Eastern life and man ners he also turned to account in the composition of several entertaining romances, displaying some skill in the deline ation of Oriental scenery and character, and considerable powers of wit and humour. The most popular of these were: The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan, 1824 ; The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England, 1828 ; Zohrab the Hostage, 1832 ; and Ayesha the Maid of Kars, 1834. Morier died at Brighton, 23d March 1849. MORILLON, a name commonly given by fowlers to the female or immature male of the GOLDEN-EYE (vol. x. p. 757), the Clangula glaucion of modern ornithology, under the belief which still very generally obtains among them, as it once did among naturalists, that they formed a distinct species of Duck. The mistake no doubt originated in, and is partly excused by, the facts that the birds called Morillons were often of opposite sexes, and differed greatly from the adult male Golden-Eye, whose full and beautiful plu mage is not assumed until the second year. The word is used in French in precisely the same form, but is in that language applied to the Tufted Duck, Fuligula cristata, and is derived, according to Littre, from more, signifying black. (A. N.) MORIN, JEAN, or, in Latin, JOANNES MORINUS (1591- 1659), the most learned Catholic theologian of his time and one of the founders of Biblical criticism, was born in 1591 at Blois of Protestant parents, acquired Latin and Greek at Rochelle, and continued his studies at Leyden. Immersed in Biblical and patristic lore, he began to waver in his Protestantism, and moved to Paris, where he made many friends in literary circles, particularly Cardinal Du Perron, to whom his conversion to Catholicism is ascribed. In 1618 he joined the recently formed Parisian Oratory, where he could give himself to quiet study, and in due course took priest s orders. In 1625 he visited England in the train of Henrietta Maria, and in 1640 he was at Rome, on the invitation of Cardinal Barberini, and was received with special favour by Pope Urban VIII., who employed him on the commission for forwarding his pro ject of union with the Eastern Church: He was, however, soon recalled to Paris by Richelieu, and the rest of his life was spent among books in incessant literary labour, his health, memory, and intellectual vigour remaining unim paired even in old age. His pen sometimes brought him into trouble. The Histoire de la delivrance de Vfiglise Chretienne par Vemp. Constantin, et de la grandeur et souverainete temporelle donnee a I JZqlise Romaine par les rois de France (1630) gave great offence at Rome, and a 1 The word Moriah, however, can hardly come fr is perhaps akiu to Moreh, &quot;revealer,&quot; &quot;teacher. &quot; i, &quot; see ; &quot; it