Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 16.djvu/745

Rh M O N M O N 717 Date. Name. Founder. Place. Date. Name. Founder. Place. 1686 Daughters of the Good Madame de Combe. . Paris. 1842 Deaconesses of St Loup M. Germond .... Echellens, 1704 Shepherd Sisters of Charity of St Paul Louis Chauvet Leveville-la-Che- 1843 (Swiss Refd.) Notre Dame de Sion PP. Theodore and M France. 1712 1713 the Apostle Congregation of the Good Saviour Elizabeth de Surville nanl, France. St - Lo, Nor mandy. Bousseaux-le- 1846 1847 Society of the Holy Child Jesus Society of Holy Trinity of A. Ratisbonne Cornelia Connelly Derby, England. 1716 Sacrament Daughters of Wisdom .... Marie Louise Trichet Roy, France. La Rochelle. 1848 Devonport (Angl.) Sisters of the Poor Child Clara Fey Aix-la-Chapelle 1725 Passionists and Grignon de Mohtfort Paul of the Cross .... Rome. 1849 Jesus Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ Katharina Kaspar .... Dermbach, Ger- 1732 Redemptorists, or Ligu- Alfonso de Liguori. . Scala, Italy. 1849 Sisters of St Mary the Miss Lockhart Wantage, Berks 1785 orians Society of the Christian Antoine Sylvestre Fontenelles, 1850 Virgin (Angl.) Sisters of the Most Holy F. Gaudentius Manchester. 1800 Retreat Ladies of the Sacred Heart Receveur Madame Barat France. Amiens. 1851 Cross and Passion Sisters of Nazareth Cardinal Wiseman 1801 Dames de St Andre Scraphine Hauvarlet Toumay, Bel 1815 Marist Fathers. . Jean C. M. Colin gium. Lyons. 1851 Sisterhood of All Saints (An&quot;l ) Rev. W. Upton London. 1815 Oblates of Mary Immacu M. de Mazenod Aix. 1852 French Oratorians (revived) Abbe Petetot Paris. late 1852 Deaconesses of Riehen M. Spittler near Basel. 1816 1S17 Sisters of Jesus and Mary. . Marist Brothers Pere Coindre Fourvieres, Lyons. Lyons. 1854 (Swiss Refd.) Society of St John Baptist (Angl.) Hon. Mrs. Charles Clewer, Windsor. 1S20 Julie Billiart 1855 1820 Scours de 1 Esperance Abbe Noailles. . Bordeaux. garet (Angl.) Sussex. 1822 Brothers of Christian In struction Abbe Lamennais .... St Brieuc, France 1856 1861 Helpers of the Holy Souls Deaconesses (Angl.). . Eugenie Suret Rev. T. Pelham Dale Paris. London. 1822 1822 1824 Faithful Companions of Jesus Society of Nazareth Sisters of Bon Secours Madame d Houet Pierre Roger Amiens. Montmirail, France. Paris. 1861 1861 Sisterhood of St Peter (Angl.) and Elizabeth Cathe rine Ferard Rosamira Lancaster. . Mary Lefevre Brompton, London. 1824 Marist Sisters Jean Claude Colin Belley, France. Clifton Wood. 1827 1828 1828 1833 1833 1S36 1837 Sisters of Mercy La Sainte Union des Sacres Cceurs Institute of Charity, or Rosminian Fathers School Sisters of Notre Dame Daughters of the Cross .... Deaconesses (Lutheran). . Xaverian Brothers Catherine McAuley. . Abbe Debrabant .... Antonio Rosmini-Ser- bati Bishop Michael Wiss- mann Canon J. G. Habets and Jeanne Haze Theodor Fliedner .... Theodore Ryken. . Dublin. Douai, France. Monte Calvario, Italy. Nuremberg, Bavaria. Liege. Kaiserswerth, Diisseldorf. Bruges, Belgium. 1864 1865 1865 1866 1866 1869 Little Sisters of the As sumption Sisterhood of St Mary (Angl.) Mission Priests of St John the Evangelist (Angl.) Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Sisters of Bethany (Angl.) Sisterhood of the Good Augustinians of the Assumption Rev. Dr Morgan Dix. . Rev. R. M. Benson. . P. Peter Victor Braun Etheldreda A. Benett Bishop Horatio Potter Bristol). Paris. New York. Cowley St John, Oxford. Paris. Pentonville, London. New York. 1840 1840 1842 Deaconesses (French Re formed) Little Sisters of the Poor . . Deaconesses of Strasburg M. Vermeil and Mdlle. Malvesin Abbe le Pailleur Pastor Barter Paris. St Malo. Strasburg. 1870 1870 Shepherd (Angl.) Sisters of the Church (Angl.) Little Company of Mary Emily Ayckbovvm Mary Potter Kilbuni, London. Hyson Green, (Luth.) Nottingham. MONACO (French Monegue), the smallest of the sove reign principalities of Europe, with an area of 8 34 square miles, a population (1878) of 7049, and an army of 72 men, is situated on the coast of the Mediterranean, 9 miles east of Nice, and bounded on all sides by the French department of the Maritime Alps. Previous to 1861, when the communes of Mentone (Menton) and Roccabruna (Roquebrun) were sold to France for 4,000,000 francs, the area was about a third larger ; but the population, which with those portions again included would now be 15,000, was only about 8000. Monaco has long had the reputa tion of being one of the most beautiful and sheltered spots on all the Franco-Italian coast : non Corns in ilium Jus habet aut Zepliyrus ; soltts sua littora turbat Circius, said Lucan ; and a luxuriant growth of aloes and prickly pears (introduced in 1537), palm-trees, eucalyptus, lemon- trees, and geraniums gives a warmer colour to the scene than Lucan can have known. The town occupies the level summit of a rocky headland, rising about 195 feet from the shore, and still surrounded with ramparts. Though largely modernized, the palace is a fine specimen of Re naissance architecture; the new &quot;cathedral&quot; (French Re naissance style), the new church of St Charles, and the museum may also be mentioned. Behind the rock, between Mont Tete de Chien and Mont de la Justice, the high grounds rise towards Turbie, the village on the hill which takes its name from the tropsea with which Augustus marked the boundary between Gaul and Italy. On the eastern side lies the little port or bay of Monaco ; along the lower ground at the head of the bay stretches the vil lage of Condamine with orange-gardens, manufactures of perfumes and liqueurs, and the chapel of Ste Devote, the patron saint of Monaco ; farther to the east, on the rocky slopes of the Spelugues (Speluncae) are grouped the various buildings of the Casino of Monte Carlo and the numerous villas and hotels which it has called into existence. Previous to 1828 the Spelugues were mere barren rocks; but after Reference 1 Prt/rt/V MoTULOO 2 Cathedral 5 Bath* 4 OtapeOe de S&quot;DeroU b CCLSUW - Montt Caria 6 Jlottl dt Parit MONACO* MEDITERRANEAN SEA Plan of Monaco. they were traversed by the new road to Mentone, Count Rey caused them to be covered with soil by Italian convicts ; and since 1858, when the first stone of the Casino was laid, the process of artificial embellishment has been carried