Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 16.djvu/446

Rh 428 MINERALOGY C.c. : 37 2 niobic acid, 18 6 tantalic acid, 12 iron protoxide, 14 to 20 uranium oxide, 6 thorium oxide, 4 zircouia, and 16 yttria with lime and magnesia. Miask, Mitchell county in North Carolina. The Yttroilmenitc of Hermann. 698. NOHLITE, R 3 F b. Massive. H = 4 5to5; G. -5 04. Black-brown. Splintery. Brittle. Opaque ; vitreous. Niobic acid 50 4, uranium oxide 14 4, zirconia 3, ferrous oxide 8, yttria 14*4, lime 47, water 4&quot; 6. Nohl near Kongelf (Sweden). 699. HATCHETTOLITE. Cubic ; 0, ooQoo. Yellowish brown. Resinous lustre. Frac ture conchoidal. H. -5 ; G. ~4 8 to 4 9. C.c.: niobic acid 34-3, tantalic acid 29 8, uranium oxide 15 5, lime 8 9, water 4 5. North Carolina. ANTIMONIATES. 700. ROMEITE, Ca 3 SbSb. Pyramidal; P 110 50. Scratches glass. G. -47. Honey-yellow or hyacinth- red. B.B. fuses to a blackish slag. Sol. in acids. C.c. : 41 3 antimonic acid, 37 3 antimony oxide, and 21 4 lime, but with 2 to 3 manganese and iron protoxide. St Marcel in Piedmont. Schneebergite, from Tyrol, may be an impure variety. 701. BLEINIERE, Pb(Sb, 8b) + H. Reniform and massive. H.~4; G. =3 9 to 4 8. Translucent; resinous to earthy. Colourless, yellow, brown, and grey. B.B. reduced on charcoal. C.c.: oxide of lead 41 to 62, antimonious acid 32 to 47, water 6 to 12. Lostwithiel, Horhausen, Nertchinsk. 702. NADORITE, PbSb + PbCl 2. Right prismatic ; oP 132 51. Crystals tabular. Cl. macro- diagonal. H. =-3; G. -=7. Yellowish or greyish brown. Resinous to adamantine; translucent. C.c.: lead 52 - 2, antimony 30 8, oxygen 8, chlorine 9. Constantino (Algeria). 703. RIVOTITE. Massive. Yellowish to greyish green. Opaque ; fracture un even ; brittle. H. 3 5 to 4; G. 3 - 6. C.c.: oxide of copper 39 5, oxide of silver 1 2, antimonic acid 42, carbonic acid 21. Sierra del Cadi in the province of Lerida. Thrombolite from Rez- banya, Hungary, may be a hydrated variety. Cl. P ; fracture 704. MELLITE, Pyramidal ; P 93 5. OP ; Poo ; and ooPoo. conchoidal ; brittle. H. -2 to 2 5 ; G. -1-5 to 1 6. Transparent ; doubly refractive ; vitre ous. Honey-yellow or reddish ; streak white. In closed tube yields water. B. B. chars with out odour. Burns white and acts like alumina. Sol. in n. acid or potash. C.c. : alumina 14 &quot;4, mellic acid 40 3, water 45 3. In lignite at 606. Artern in Thuringia and Luschitz in Bohemia ; Walchow in Moravia (cretaceous); in coal at Malovka in Tula. 705. OXALITE, 2Fee 3 + 3H. Capillary crystals, also botryoidal or compact ; fracture uneven ; sectile. H. =2; G. =22. Opaque; resinous to dull. Straw-yellow. B.B. turns black, then red. Sol. to yellow solution in acids. C.c. : 42 1 iron protoxide, 42 - 1 oxalic acid, 15 - 8 water. In lignite at Kolosoruk near Bilin, Duisburg, and Gross Almerode in Hesse. 706. WHEWELLITE, Oa + H. Oblique prismatic, C 72 41. ooP 100 36. Cl. basal, perfect; brittle. H. =2 &quot;5 to 2 8 ; G. = 1 838. Transparent to opaque; vitreous. Colourless. C.c. : 49 31 oxalic acid, 38 36 lime, 12 33 water. Hungary. THE MINERAL RESINS. Many of these are only vegetable resins slightly altered. Naphtha is fluid ; the others solid, with H. = 1 to 2 or 2 5. Most are amor phous, a few crystalline and monoclinic. G. = 6 to 1 6. Mostly resinous ; colourless, or coloured brown, yellow, or red, with paler streak. Sol. in acids, alcohol, ether, and oils. Melt readily, and burn with flame and smoke. 707. NAPHTHA, PETROLEUM, CH 2. Liquid. Colourless, yellow, or brown. Transparent or translu cent. G. 7 to 9. Volatilizes in the atmosphere with an aromatic bituminous odour. C.c.: 84 to 88 carbon, and 12 to 16 hydrogen. Varieties are Naphtha. Very fluid, transparent, and light yellow. Tegern Lake in Bavaria, Amiano near Parma, Salies in the Pyrenees, Rangoon, Baku on the Caspian Sea, China, Persia, and North America. Used for burning, and in preparing varnishes. Petroleum. Darker yellow or blackish brown ; less fluid or volatile. Ormskirk in Lancashire ; Coalbrookdale, Pitchford, and Madeley in Shropshire ; St Catherine s Well, south of Edinburgh ; Mainland of Orkney ; and many other parts of Europe. 708. ELATERITK (Elastic Bitumen, Mineral Caoutchouc], CH 2 . Compact ; reniform or fungoid ; elastic and flexible like caout chouc, very soft. G. =0 8 to 1 23. Resinous. Blackish, reddish, or yellowish brown. Strong bituminous odour. C.c.: 84 to 86 carbon, 12 to 14 hydrogen, and a little oxygen. Derbyshire, Montrelais near Nantes, and &quot;Woodbury in Connecticut. 709. ASPHALTUM, BITUMEN. Compact and disseminated ; fracture conchoidal, sometimes vesicular ; sectile. H. = 2 ; G. = 1 1 to 1 2. Opaque, resinous, and pitch-black; strong bituminous odour, especially when rubbed. Takes fire easily, and burns with a bright flame nnd thick smoke. Sol. in ether, except a small remainder, which is iissolved in oil of turpentine. C.c.: 76 to 88 carbon, 2 to 10 oxygen, 6 to 10 hydrogen, and 1 to 3 nitrogen. Limmer near Hanover, Seyssel on the Rhone, Val Travers in Neufchatel, Lobsann in Alsace, in the Harz, Dead Sea, Persia, and Trinidad ; Cornwall, Haughmoncl Hill (Shropshire), East and West Lothians, Elie and Burntisland (Fife). 710. ALBERTITE. Massive. Velvet-black. Adamantine lustre; brittle. C .c.: carbon 86, hydrogen 9, nitrogen 2 9, oxygen 2. Hoy, Orkney; Strathpeffer, Ross ; Hillsborough, New Brunswick. 711. PIAUZITE. Massive ; imperfect conchoidal, sectile. H. = 1 &quot;5 ; G. = 1 22. Dimly translucent on very thin edges ; resinous. Blackish brown ; streak yellowish brown. Fuses at 600 Fahr. , and burns with an aromatic odour, lively flame, and dense smoke. Sol. in ether and caustic potash. Piauze near Rudolfswerth in Carniola. 712. IXOLYTE. Massive ; conchoidal fracture. H. = 7 ; G. = 1 008. Resinous. Hyacinth-red ; streak ochre-yellow. Rubbed between the fingers it emits an aromatic odour ; becomes soft at 119, but is still viscid at 212. Oberhart near Gloggnitz in Austria. 713. AMBER (Succinite), C 10 H 8 0. Round irregular lumps, grains, or drops. Fracture perfect con choidal ; slightly brittle. H. = 2 to 2 5 ; G. = 1 to 1 1. Transparent to translucent or almost opaque ; resinous. Honey-yellow, hyacinth- red, brown, yellowish white ; also streaked or spotted. When rubbed emits an agreeable odour, and becomes negatively electric. It melts at 550, emitting water, an empyreumatic oil, and succinic acid ; it burns with a bright flame and pleasant odour, leaving a carbonaceous remainder ; only a small part is soluble in alcohol. C.c. : 79 carbon, 10 5 hydrogen, and 10 5 oxygen. Derived chiefly from an extinct coniferous tree (Pinites succinifer), and found in the Tertiary and diluvial formations of many countries, especially northern Germany and shores of the Baltic, Sicily, Spain, and northern Italy, rarely in Britain (on the shores of Fife, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex, and at Kensington, near London). Used for ornamental purposes, and for preparing succinic acid and var nishes. Krantzite, from Nienburg, is essentially the same. 714. RETINITB (Retinasphalt). Roundish or irregular lumps ; fracture uneven or conchoidal ; very easily frangible. H. =1 5 to 2; G. = T05 to 1-15. Trans lucent or opaque,; resinous or glistening. Yellow or brown. Melts at a low heat, and burns with an aromatic or bituminous odoiir. C.c. : in general carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in very un certain amount. Bovey, Halle, Cape Sable, and Osnabriick. Pyroretinite from Aussig in Bohemia is similar. 715. WALCHOWITE, C 12 H 9. Rounded pieces, with a conchoidal fracture. H.=1 5 to 2 ; G. = 1 035 to 1 069. Translucent, resinous. Yellow with brown stripes, and a yellowish white streak. It fuses at 482, and burns readily. Soluble partially (7 5 per cent. ) in ether ; in s. acid forms a dark-brown solution. C.c.: 80 4 carbon, 107 hydrogen, and 8 9 oxygen. Walchow in Moravia. 716. COPALINE (Fossil Copal, Highgate Resin), C 40 H G4 0. Irregular fragments. H. = 1 5 ; G. = 1 046. Translucent, resinous ; burns with light yellow flame and much smoke; alcohol dissolves little of it; becomes black in sulphuric acid. C.c.: 85 54 carbon, 11 63 hydrogen, 276 oxygen. Highgate near London. A similar resin from Settling-Stones mine in Northumberland, found in flat drops or crusts on calc-spar, is infusible at 500 Fahr.; G. -=1 16 to 1 54; it contains 85 13 carbon, 10 85 hydrogen, and 3 26 ashes. 717. BERENGELITE, C 40 H 62 8. Amorphous; conchoidal fracture. Dark brown, inclining to green ; yellow streak. Resinous ; unpleasant odour, and bitter taste. Fuses below 212, and continues soft afterwards at ordinary temperatures; easily soluble in alcohol. C.c. : 72 40 carbon, 9 28 hydrogen, 18 31 oxygen. San Juan de Berengela in Peru. 718. GUAYAQUILLITE, Co H 2(i 3, Amorphous ; yielding easily to the knife, and very friable. G.