Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 14.djvu/788

 7(54 L C L C no part of its considerable proceeds, but resigned them absolutely for the benefit of Scott s creditors. Lockhart s life in London was a long succession of con stant work, of dignified social success, and of heavy bereave ments. His eldest boy, the suffering &quot; Hugh Littlejohn &quot; of the Tales of ft Grandfather, died in 1831. Sir Walter died in 1832 ; Anne Scott, the second daughter, who had come to live with the Lockharts in London, in 1833 ; Mrs Lockhart in 1837. The love for his children was for long the one bright element in his life. But the death in 1852, and, sadder still, the previous life, of his surviving son Walter, a fine youth, who had entered the army under unfortunate auspices, broke down all that remained of health and spirit in the father. Failing health compelled Lockhart to resign the editor ship of the Quarterly Review in 1853. He spent the next winter in Rome, but returned to England with no restoration of vital power. He was conveyed to Abbotsford, where, under the tender care of his daughter Mrs Hope Scott, and cheered by the prattle of his grand daughter, now the possessor of Abbotsford, he lingered till his death, November 25, 1854. He was buried in Dry- burgh Abbey, at the feet of Walter Scott. (E. E. ) LOCKPORT, capital of Niagara county, New York, about 21 miles east of Niagara Falls, at the point where the New York Central Railroad crosses the Erie canal. It takes its name from the locks (ten in number) by which the canal is lowered 66 feet from the level of Lake Erie to that of the Genesee river ; and its prosperity as a manu facturing centre is due to the water-power. The sur rounding country is a rich agricultural district, and in the vicinity are extensive limestone and sandstone quarries. Flour-mills are prominent among the industrial establish ments ; there are also numerous saw-mills, cotton and woollen factories, foundries, &c. Lockport was made a city in 1865. The population in 1870 was 12,426; in 1880, 13,522. The buildings in the business part of the city are generally heated by steam on the Holly dis tributing system, which originated in Lockport, as did the celebrated Holly water-works system. LOCLE, LE, a large town-like village of Switzerland, in the canton of Neuchatel, 10 miles W.N.W. from Neuchatel. Along with La Chaux de Fonds, 5 miles north-east, it is the seat of the most extensive watch-making industry in the world ; and it also carries on the domestic manufac ture of lace. The valley in which Le Locle is situated used to be subject to inundation, but in 1802-6 a tunnel was constructed by which the surplus waters of the Bied discharge into the Doubs. About a mile to the west of tha town the stream plunges into a deep chasm, and on the almost vertical face of the rock are what are usually called the subterranean mills of Cul des Roches, situated one above the other, to turn the water-power to account. The population of the commune was 10,464 in 1880. LOCRI, a people of Greece who are found in two different districts, on the ^gean coast opposite Euboea and on the Corinthian Gulf between Phocis and yEtolia. The former are divided into the northern Locri Epicnemidii, so called from Mount Cnemis, and the southern Locri Opuntii, whose chief town was Opus ; but the name Opuntii is applied to the whole district by Thucydides, Herodotus, &c. Homer knows no distinction of tribes among the Locri. They were considered by Aristotle to be a Lelegian tribe ; but they became Hellenized at an early time, and rank in Homer along with the other Greek tribes before Troy. Their national hero is Ajax Oileus, who often appears on coins. The Locri Ozolae on the Corinthian Gulf were a rude and barbarous race who make no appear ance in Greek history till the Peloponnesian War. It is said that they separated from the eastern Locri four genera tions before the Trojan war, but Homer does not mention them. The most probable view is that the Locri were once a single race spread from sea to sea, that subsequent im migrations forced them into two separate districts, and that the eastern Locri advanced with the growth of civi lization, while the remote Ozohe remained ignorant and barbarous. A colony of Locrians, probably Opuntians, though Strabo expressly calls them Ozolte, settled at the south west extremity of Italy about the end of the 8th century B.C. They are often called Locri Epizephyrii from the promontory Zephyrion 15 miles south of the city. The earliest and most famous event recorded in the history of the Italian Locri is the legislation of Zaleucus about the middle of the 8th century B.C. The Locri boasted that Zaleucus was the first of the Greeks to promulgate a written code of laws. A body of laws under his name existed in the city throughout the historical period, but the name of Zaleucus is almost as much surrounded with legend as that of Lycurgus. The Locrians are said to have defeated the people of Crotona in a great battle at the Sagras, perhaps some time in the 6th century B.C., and in this flourishing period they founded colonies along the south coast of the peninsula. Their nearest neighbour was Rhegium, and the continual wars that raged between the two cities often drew other states into their quarrels. They sent ships to aid Sparta in the Lacedaemonian war. They were allied with the elder Dionysius of Syracuse, who gave them great accessions of territory (389-88 B.C.) ; the younger Dionysius ruled them as tyrant (356 B.C.). They admitted a Roman garrison before the expedition of Pyrrhus, but sided against the Romans with him and with Hannibal (216 B.C.). The town was finally captured by Scipio (205 B.C.). From this time we hear little of Locri. It seems still to have existed in the 6th century A.D., but in the Middle Ages it had disappeared entirely. The site and remains have been described by the Due de Luynes (Ann. lust. Arch., ii.). It possessed a famous temple of Proserpine. The town is celebrated by Pindar, 01. x. and xi. LOCUS, in Greek TOTTOS, a geometrical term, the inven tion of the notion of which is attributed to Plato. It occurs in such statements as these : the locus of the points which are at the same distance from a fixed point, or of a point which moves so as to be always at the same distance from a fixed point, is a circle ; conversely a circle is the locus of the points at the same distance from a fixed point, or of a point moving so as to be always at the same distance from a fixed point ; and so in general a curve of any given kind is the locus of the points which satisfy, or of a point moving so as always to satisfy, a given condition. The theory of loci is thus identical with that of curves ; and it is in fact in this very point of view that a curve is con sidered in the article CURVE ; see that article, and also GEOMETRY (ANALYTICAL). It is only necessary to add that the notion of a locus is useful as regards determinate problems or theorems : thus, to find the centre of the circle circumscribed about a given triangle ABC, we see that the circumscribed circle must pass through the two vertices A. B, and the locus of the centres of the circles which pass through these two points is the straight line at right angles to the side AB at its mid-point ; similarly the circumscribed circle must pass through A, C, and the locus of the centres of the circles through these two points is the line at right angles to the side AC at its mid-point ; thus we get the ordinary construction, and also the theorem that the lines at right angles to the sides, at their mid-points respectively, meet in a point. The notion of a locus applies, of course, not only to plane but also to solid geometry. Here the locus of the points satisfying a