Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 14.djvu/663

 L I L L I L 641 Cromwell was made in support of his petition to the House of Commons. In 1641 he received an indemnity of .3000. He now entered the army, and in 1G42 was taken prisoner at Brentford and tried for his life ; sentence would no doubt have been executed had not the parliament by threatening reprisals forced his exchange. He soon rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, but in April 1645, having become dissatisfied with the general conduct of affairs, and especially with the predominance of Presbyterianism, he resigned his commission, presenting at the same time to the Commons a petition for considerable arrears of pay. His violent language in Westminster Hall about the speaker and other public men led in the following July to his arrest and committal to Newgate, whence he was discharged, however, without trial, by order of the House, in October. In January 1647 he was again committed to the Tower for accusations which he had brought against Cromwell, but was again set at liberty in time to become a disappointed spectator of the failure of the levelling or ultrademocratic party in the army at the Ware rendezvous in the following December. The scene produced a deep impression on his mind, and in February 1649 he along with other petitioners presented to the House of Commons a paper entitled The Serious Apprehensions of a part of the People on behalf of the Commomvealth, which he followed up with a pamphlet, England s New Chains Discovered (March 1, 1649), criticizing Ireton, and another exposing the conduct of Cromwell, Ireton, and other leaders of the army since June 1647 (The Hunting of the Foxes from Newmarket and Triploe Heath to Whitehall ly Five /Small Beagles, the &quot; beagles &quot; being Lilburne, Overton, Walwyn, Prince, and another). Finally, the Second Part of England s Xew Chains Discovered, a violent outburst against &quot; the dominion of a council of state, and a con stitution of a new and unexperienced nature,&quot; became the subject of discussion in the House, and led anew to the imprisonment of its author in the Tower on April 11. His trial in the following October, on a charge of seditious and scandalous practices against the state, resulted in his unanimous acquittal, followed by his release in November. In January 1652, for printing and publishing a petition against Sir Arthur Hasilrig and the Haberdasher s Hall for what he conceived to have been an injury done to his uncle George Lilburne in 1649, he was sentenced to pay fines amounting to .7000, and moreover to be banished the Commonwealth, with prohibition of return under the pain of death. In June 1653 he nevertheless came back from the Low Countries, where he had busied himself during the interval in pamphleteering and such other agitation as was possible, and was immediately arrested ; the trial, which was protracted from July 13 to August 20, indeed issued in his acquittal, to the great joy of London, but it was nevertheless thought proper to keep him in captivity for &quot;the peace of the nation.&quot; He was detained succes sively in the Tower, in a castle at Jersey, and in Dover Castle. At Dover he came under Quaker influence, and signified his readiness at last to be done with &quot;carnal sword fightings and fleshly bustlings and contests &quot; ; and in 1656, on giving security for his good behaviour, he was set free. He now settled at Eltham in Kent, fre quently preaching at Quaker meetings in the place and neighbourhood during the brief remainder of his troubled life. He died on August 29, 1657. See Masson, Life of Milton, who refers (iv. 120) also to &quot;Walker (History of Independency, ii. 247), Godwin (Commonwealth, iii. 163-177), and Bisset (Omitt-cd Chapters of the History of England, 191-251), and adds, &quot;Mr Bisset relates Lilburne s trial (in 1649) at length, with copious extracts, and makes John more of a hero than Godwin does, though Godwin is not unfavourable. On the whole, I like him myself, and am glad that he is in the history of England, but think he was an ass.&quot; LILLE, capital of the department of Nord, France, and the ancient capital of Flanders, is situated about 155 miles by rail north of Paris, and at an elevation of 75 feet, in a low plain on the Deule, which flows to the Scheldt by the Lys. It is the chief fortress of the north of France, and headquarters of the first army corps, and is defended by a rampart and by a pentagonal citadel situated to the west of the town beside the Deule. The water of the river fills the moat, and the environs of the citadel can be laid under water. Prior to 1858 the town occupied an elliptical area of about 2500 yards by 1300, with the church of Notre Dame de la Treille in the centre, but the ramparts on the &amp;lt;i Barracks of St Andre. Cattle Market and Slaughter House. Palais de Justice. Bank of France. Notre Dame de la Treille. C. Lycee and Museum. Plan of Lille. 7. Grand Theatre. 8. Exchange. 9. Hotel de Ville. 10. Military Hospital. 11. Ch. of StSauveur. 12. St Sauveur Hospital. 13. Paris Gate. 14. Industrial Institute. Church of St Michel. Church of St Peter uiuf. St Paul. Jsouvelle Aventurr Market. Arsenal. St Eugc nie Hospilal. Ch. of St Martin. south side have since been demolished and the ditches filled up, their place being now occupied by the great Boulevard de la Liberte&quot;, which extends in a straight line from the goods station of the railway to the citadel. The new enceinte is much more extensive, and encloses the old communes of Esquermes, Wazemmes, and Moulins-Lille, the area of the town being thus more than doubled ; in the new quarters fine boulevards and handsome squares, such as that De la Rdpublique, have been laid out in pleasant contrast with the sombre and dirty aspect of the old town. The district of St Andre&quot; to the north, the only elegant part of the old town, is the residence of the Lille aristocracy. At the demolition of the old fortifications, the Paris gate, a triumphal arch erected in 1682 in honour of Louis XIV., after the conquest of Flanders, was preserved, as also the Ghent and Roubaix gates, which date from the time of the Spanish domination, and are built in the Renaissance style, with bricks of different colours. The present rampart is pierced by eleven gates, besides a special gate for the railway, and two water gates for the canal of the Deule. The goods station has also its special outlet, and a line from it, after making the round of the new quarters, passes within the enceinte to the quays of the river. Crossing the bridges which span the different arms of the Deule, we reach the citadel, the glacis of which. XIV. Sz