Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 14.djvu/581

 LICHENS 561 Genera : Euopsis, Nyl. ; Pyrcnojms, Nyl. Tribe 3. Honwpsidei, Nyl. Thallus either fruticolosc with the goniuiia seriated, or squamuliform or granulose with the gouimia subsolitary. Apothceia pyrenocarpous with or without paraphyses. Spermogones with simple sterigmata. Genera : Eplicbe, Fr. ; Ephebeia, Nyl. ; Phylliscum, Nyl. ; Phylliscodium, Nyl. ; Collemopsidium, Nyl. Tribe 4. Magmopsei, Nyl. Thallua pyrenopsidian, containing KViigonimia, the goniinia arranged without order. Apothecia peridieine. Genus : Mnyniopsis, Xyl. Family II. Cullemacci, Nyl. Thallua turgid when moist, gonidial stratum consisting of gonimia inonilifonnly arranged ; medulla not discrete. Tribe 1. Lichinei, Nyl. Tliallus fruticulose or radiately lacini- ated, goniinia elongato-seriately moniliform, subconnate. Apothecia lecanorine or lecideine. Spermogones with sterigmata or arthro sterigmata. Genera : Lichina, Ag. ; Ptcryrjium, Nyl. ; Lrptogidium, Nyl. ; Lichinodium, Nyl. Tribe 2. Collemei, Nyl. Tliallus membranaceous, lobate, rarelj&quot; fruticulose, granulose or subsijuamulose, goniinia inonilifonnly arranged, cortical stratum none or distinct. Apothecia lecanorine or rarely pyrenocarpous. Spermogones with siinplish sterigmata or arthrosterigmata. Genera : Lcdoplnjsma, Fr. fil. ; Synalissa, DR. ; Omplialaria, DR. ; Ancma, Nyl. ; Paulia, Fee ; Schizoma, Nyl. ; Collcmn, Ach. ; Leptoyium, Ach. ; Eamalodiuia, Nyl. ; Lichinella, Nyl. ; Am- phidium, Nyl. ; Collcinopsi?s, Nyl. ; Hydrothyria, Russ. Tribe 3. Pyrcnidici, Nyl. Thallus fibrillose, gonimia monili- formly coherent, cortical stratum distinct. Apothecia pyrenoid. Genus : Pyrcnidium, Nyl. Family III. Lichcnacei, Nyl. Thallus not gelatinous, with a gonidial, rarely gonimic stratum ; medullary stratum more or less distinct. Series I. Epiconiodei, Nyl. Apothecia with the spores usually naked ami pulverulent on the surface of the fructification. Tribe 1. C aJicici, Nyl. Thallus horizontally expanded, some times none. Apothecia stipitate, capituliform or sessile. Spermo gones with simple sterigmata. Genera : Sphinctrina, Fr. ; Calicium, Pers ; Stcnocybe, Nyl. ; Coniocybe, Ach. ; Pyrgidium, Nyl ; Trachylia, Fr. ; Pyrgillus, Nyl. Tribe 2. Tylophorci, Nyl. Thallus thinly crustaceous. Apothecia at first pyreiiodean and then lecanorine with sporal mass. Spermo gones with somewhat branched sterigmata. Genus : Tylophoron, Nyl. Tribe 3. Sphserophorei, Nyl. Thallus fruticulose, branched. Apothecia at first nucleiform, becoming variously dehiscent, with sporal mass. Spermogones with siinplish sterigmata or arthro sterigmata. Genera : SpJtasropJwron, Fers. ; Acroscyiihits, Lev. ; Tholurna, Norm. Series II. Cladodci, Nyl. Apothecia terminal on podetia, rarely sessile, biatorine or rarely lecanorine. Tribe 4. Rfeomycctci, Nyl. Thallus horizontally expanded. Apothecia substipitate. Spermogones with sterigmata or arthro sterigmata. Genera : Gomphillus, Nyl. ; Bseomyccs, Pers. ; Glossodium, Nyl. ; Thysanothecium, Berk. ; Stcrcocauliscum, Nyl. Tribe 5. Pilophorci, Nyl. Thallus granulose, cephalodiiferous, with rigid podetia. Apothecia cephalodine, on the podetia, with the paraphyses prolongated into the hypothecium. Spermogonea with siinplish sterigmata. Genus : Pilophoron, Tuck. Tribe 6. Stcrcocaulei, Nyl. Thallus csespitose, podetiiform, solid. Apothecia terminal or lateral, lecideine or rarely lecanorine. Sper mogones with simple sterigmata. Genera : Stereocaulon, Schreb. ; Stcrcocladium, Nyl. ; Aryopsis, Fr. fil. ; Oxocladium, Mnt. Tribe 7. Cladoniei, Nyl. Thallus foliaceous or fruticulose, with fistulose podetia. Apothecia biatorine on the podetia, rarely sessile on the leaflets. Spermogones with siinplish sterigmata. Genera : Ihterodea, Nyl. ; Pycnothclia, Ach. ; Cladonia, Hffm. ; Cladina, Nyl. ; Cladia, Nyl. ; Jtamalea, Nyl. Series III. PMmalodci, Nyl. Thallus efoliolose, fruticulose, or filamentosc. Apothecia generally lecanorine. Tribe 8. Roccdlci, Nyl. Thallus simplish or branched, inter nally with filameutose medulla. Apothecia irregular (normally lecanorine), adnate, terminal, or lateral. Spermogones with simplish sterigmata. . Genera : Comlca, DN. ; Roccdla, DC. Tribe 9. S^thulei, Nyl. Thallus podetiiform, simple or fruti culose, internally with tilamcntose or nstulose medulla. Apothecia unknown. Spermogones (where seen) with arthrosterigmata. Genera: Siphula, Fr. ; Emloccna, Cromb. ; Thamnolia, Ach. Tribe 10. llamalinei, Nyl. Thallr.s fruticuloso-foliaccous, rounded or compressed, with woolly medulla. Apothecia lecanorine, scutellate. Spermogones with arthrosterigmata. Genus : Ramalina, Ach. Tribe 11. Usncei, Nyl. Thallus much branched, rounded, or com pressed, with firm medullary axis. Apothecia parmelioid, peltate. Spermogones with simplish sterigmata. Genera : Usnea, Hft m. ; Nmropoyon, N. and Fl. ; Chlorea, Nyl. Tribe 12. Alcctoriei, Nyl. Thallus branched, rounded, or com pressed, Avith woolly medulla. Apothecia parmelioid, scutelliform. Spermogones with simplish sterigmata or arthrosterigmata. Genera : Alectoria, Ach. ; Dadylinc, Nyl. ; Dvfourea, Ach. Tribe 13. Cetrariei, Nyl. Thallus fruticulose or foliaceous, with woolly medulla. Apothecia parmelioid, marginal, obliquely affixed. Spermogones with simple sterigmata or arthrosteiigmata. Genera : Cctraria, Ach. ; Platys-ma, Hlfm. Series IV.Phyllodei, Nyl. Thallus foliaceous, usually depressed, lobate. Apothecia generally peltiform or lecanorine. Tribe 14. Parmeliei, Nyl. Thallus frondosely dilated, or lobate, or laciniated, with woolly, rarely solid, medulla. Apothecia par melioid, scutelliform. Spermogones with simple sterigmata or arthrosterigmata. Genera: Evcrnia, Ach.; Evcrniopsis, Nyl.; Parmclia, Ach..; Parmcliojms, Nyl. Tribe 15. Stictci, Nyl. Thallus large, lobate, cyphellate, or ecyphellate beneath ; gonidial stratum composed either of nodulose gonimia or of true gonidia. Apothecia lecanorine, rarely parmeleine. Spermogones with arthrosterigmata. Genera : Stictina, Nyl. ; Lobarina, Nyl. ; Sticta, Ach. ; Lolaria, Nyl. ; Pdcasolia, DN. Tribe 16. Pcltigerci, Nyl Thallus frondosely dilated, the cortical stratum often wanting beneath ; gonidial stratum consisting either of gonidia or (usually) of gonimia, rarely of gonidimia. Apothecia peltiform, adnate, or innate. Spermogones (where seen) with arthro sterigmata. Genera : Ncpkroma, Ach. ; Ncphromium, Nyl. ; Pcltidca, Ach. ; Pcltigcra, HlFm. ; Solorina, Ach. Tribe 17. Physcici, Nyl. Thallus stellato-orbicular, rarely fruti culose, internally with woolly medulla ; gonidial stratum consisting of true gonidia. Apothecia lecanorine. Spermogones with arthro sterigmata. Genus : Physcta, Nyl. Tribe 18. Pyxinci, Nyl. Thallus stellato-laciniated, with woolly medulla and true gonidial stratum. Apothecia lecideine. Spermo gones with arthrosterigmata. Genus : Pyxinc, Fr. Tribe 19. Gyrophorci, Nyl. Thallus umbilicately affixed, with woolly medulla and true gonidial stratum. Apothecia lecanoroid, or lecideine and gyrose. Spermogones with arthrosterigmata. Genera : Umbilicaria, Htfm. : Gyrojrfiora, Ach. Series V. Placodci, Nyl. Thallus variously crustaceous, sometimes evanescent, rarely hypophlceodal, without any filamentose medullary stratum. Apo thecia lecanorine, or lecideine, or lirellffiform. Tribe 20. Lccanorei, Nyl. Thallus crustaceous, rarely evanescent or obsolete ; gonidial stratum consisting of gonidia, rarely of goniinia. Apothecia lecanorine, rarely subbiatorine or typically biatorine. Spermogones with simple sterigmata or arthrosterigmata. Genera: Pannaria, Del.; Gymnoderma, Nyl.; JEriodcrma, Fee.; Hcppia, Nteg. ; Amphilmna, Fr. ; Psoroma, Fr. ; Lccanora, Ach.; Glypholccia, Nyl.; Pdtula, Nyl.; Dcrmatiscicm, Nyl.; Dirina, Fr. Tribe 21. Pertusarici, Nyl. Thallus crustaceous, continuous,: gonidial system consisting of true gonidia. Apothecia endocarpoid or lecanoroid. Spermogones with simple sterigmata. Genera : Pcrtusaria, DC. ; J r ariccUaria, Nyl. Tribe 22. Thelotrcmci, Nyl. Thallus crustaceous, or pulverulent, or areolate, with true gonidial stratum. Apothecia urceolato- impressed with double margin. Spermogones with simple or somewhat branched sterigmata. Genera : PMyctis, Wallr. ; Trcmoti/lium, Nyl. ; Tltclotrcma, Ach. ; Urccolana, Ach. ; Belonia, Krb. ; Gyrostomwn, Nyl. ; Ascidium, F^e ; Gi/mnotrcma, Nyl. Tribe 23. Lccideci, Nyl. Thallus variously crustaceous, pulveru lent, evanescent or none proper, with the gonidial stratum consist ing of gonidia (rarely chrysogouidia), rarely gonimia. Apothecia lecideine (or biatorine). Spermogones with simple or simplish sterigmata. Genera : Cosnogonium, Ehrh. ; Byssocaulon, Mnt. ; Pannularia, Nyl. ; Coccocarpi, Pers. ; Lccid&amp;lt;a, Ach. ; Gyrothecium, Nyl. ; Epiphora, Nyl. XIV. --71